Ebola is a highly lethal virus that causes viral hemorrhagic fever. Symptoms include fever, headache, joint pain, and fatigue. Ebola rapidly replicates in all tissues, leading to cell necrosis, and can be transmitted through body fluids and skin. There are five known species of the virus, with only the first four causing EHF. Symptoms progress to obtundation, bleeding, and shock, often leading to death.
Ebolavirus, or Ebola, is a virus that causes viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a highly lethal blood disease that caused an 89% death rate in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly known as Zaire, from December 2002 to April 2003. The timely recognition of Ebola symptoms it is essential in order to immediately start quarantine and supportive care. The most common symptoms of Ebola include severe headache, fever with or without chills, muscle or joint pain, lack of appetite, and generalized fatigue or feeling of weakness.
Together with the Marburg virus, Ebola is a virus that belongs to the Filoviridae family. When a human or primate becomes infected, the Ebola virus rapidly replicates in all tissues, leading to cell necrosis. The most harmful necrosis occurs in the liver. When the host’s immune system is overwhelmed by the infection, a fatal course occurs and the host’s blood and tissues contain large amounts of virus. In particular, body fluids and skin have large numbers of virions, thus serving as highly infectious transmission channels even when the host is already dead.
There are five known species of the Ebola virus. These include Zaire Ebola virus (EBO-Z) or Zaire Ebola virus (ZEV), Sudan Ebola virus (EBO-S) or Sudan Ebola virus (SEV), Côte d’Ivoire (EBO-C) or Côte d’Ivoire Ebola virus Ebola virus (CIEV), Bundibugyo Ebola virus (EBO-B) or Bundibugyo Ebola virus (BEV) and Reston Ebola virus (EBO-R) or Reston Ebola virus (REV). All cause human infections, but only the first four cause EHF. The leading indicator of Ebola infection is a history of traveling to or working in places where Ebola is endemic, including Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast and Gabon. A history of travel to African rainforests or exposure to an Ebola outbreak also increases the risk of EHF.
The symptoms of Ebola hemorrhagic fever depend on the stage of the disease. Initially, an infected person experiences fever, inflammation of the pharynx or pharyngitis, joint pain, and body aches. Around the fifth day of infection, a maculopapular rash appears, usually more prominent on the trunk. Many patients also complain of bilateral conjunctivitis or eye pain. Gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, also occur in association with bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
Among those who are fatally infected, a prominent sign is obtundation, which is a decrease in mental alertness and a diminished response to pain. In this advanced stage, spontaneous bleeding from the mucous membranes is common. A lack of urine, increased respiratory rate, low blood pressure, and shock follow. Myocarditis and pulmonary edema are also observed. Patients often die while in a coma.
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