Emphysema weakens the immune system, making patients more susceptible to pneumonia. Smoking is the main cause of emphysema, which can progress and lead to fatal complications. Treatment includes antibiotics, oxygen, and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Surgery is not common.
Emphysema and pneumonia are both conditions of the lungs. Both show similar symptoms, such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Those with emphysema may be at greater risk of developing pneumonia, especially the elderly.
The connection between the two is the weakened immune system caused by emphysema. When this occurs, a patient becomes more susceptible to other lung diseases, such as pneumonia. The bacteria, viruses and fungi typically responsible for pneumonia can easily invade and lead to a dangerous situation if not monitored and treated properly.
There are several possible causes of emphysema, but smoking is the main cause. The irritants inhaled from smoking damage the lining of the lung, cause inflammation of the lung cells and tissues, and cause swelling in the bronchioles. Over time, emphysema continues to progress, often leading to fatal complications. What may start out as shortness of breath when walking or during some other activity will eventually turn into shortness of breath when sitting or resting. Wheezing and a slight cough often accompany shortness of breath in patients with emphysema.
As emphysema progresses, the lungs become more susceptible to infections and conditions such as pneumonia. Patients with emphysema and pneumonia may begin to notice green or yellow sputum production, body aches, and fever. Also, breathing may become more difficult and you may notice a rapid heartbeat.
Patients with emphysema and pneumonia need specific treatment to manage the difficulties associated with this deadly combination. Antibiotics are often prescribed to help fight infection and reduce the strain on the lungs. Those who have difficulty breathing may also be required to use oxygen to assist them. Severe cases or infections that occur during the advanced stages of emphysema may require hospitalization.
Recovery for patients diagnosed with emphysema and pneumonia will depend on the severity of the disease. Some patients will benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation programs that focus on teaching breathing techniques and medication management. These programs will also focus on avoiding further infections and limiting their chances of developing pneumonia in the future. Low-level exercise may also be recommended to help keep the patient active. Surgery to remove a portion of the lung or place stents in the airways may be recommended in cases where doctors believe the benefits will outweigh the risks, but it’s not common.
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