Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis, which is transmitted through bodily fluids. Most individuals are asymptomatic, but symptoms include fatigue, sore throat, and fever. Diagnosis is confirmed through a blood test, and treatment involves rest and hydration. Complications can occur if left untreated.
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by exposure to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). By settling in the salivary glands, EBV can be passed from one person to another through bodily fluids, such as mucus and saliva. The incubation period for EBV is generally up to eight weeks from initial exposure to symptom presentation. By the time an individual reaches adulthood, they have most likely been exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus and developed antibodies that prevent them from showing the symptoms of mononucleosis.
Most individuals exposed to EBV remain asymptomatic for mononucleosis, meaning they experience no recognizable signs or symptoms. The virus is generally contracted by kissing, sharing cutlery or drinking after someone has an active EBV infection. Once an individual is exposed to EBV, it remains in their system for the rest of their life. While an individual may remain asymptomatic, that doesn’t mean the virus can’t reactivate and spread to others. Once mononucleosis symptoms occur, they usually progress and require a visit to a doctor.
Individuals with Epstein-Barr and mononucleosis usually undergo a physical exam which can detect abdominal distension, swollen lymph nodes, and inflammation of the tonsils. A diagnosis of Epstein-Barr and mononucleosis can be confirmed by administering a blood test. If you have an active infection, your white blood cell count is high; therefore, symptomatic individuals may have a white blood cell test to check for infection. Also, an antibody test may be done to check for antibodies that confirm the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus.
Individuals with Epstein-Barr and mononucleosis will generally have telltale signs of the disease. Pronounced fatigue, sore throat and fever are common. Symptomatic individuals will usually also develop swollen tonsils, abdominal distension due to inflammation of the spleen, and loss of appetite. If a diagnosis of Epstein-Barr and mononucleosis is delayed or if adequate treatment for the underlying infection is absent, serious complications can occur, including jaundice, anemia, and impaired breathing due to a blockage of the airways.
Treatment for Epstein-Barr and mononucleosis is usually nonspecific. Since mononucleosis is a viral infection, antibiotics are useless for its treatment. In most cases, symptomatic individuals are asked to stay hydrated and get enough bed rest. If a secondary infection, such as a sore throat, is present, antibiotic medications may be given. Those who develop severe swelling or a rash may be given a corticosteroid to ease the inflammation and discomfort.
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