Eye injuries include detached retina, scratched cornea, chemical burns, orbital burst fractures, hyphemas, eyelid lacerations, and retinal detachment. Sun exposure and industrial accidents can also cause eye damage. Medical treatment is necessary for most injuries to prevent permanent vision loss.
There are many types of eye injuries, such as a detached retina, which can be caused by a fracture of the orbital bone. This type of eye trauma often causes swelling and bleeding in the eye. Most eye injuries, such as a scratched cornea, will require medical treatment from an ophthalmologist. Often called a corneal abrasion, it can be caused by foreign objects in the eye, such as dirt particles or other particles. Industrial accidents resulting in chemical burns of the eye are a common type of eye trauma.
Orbital burst fractures occur from blunt force trauma to the bones of the eye socket. This type of fracture can cause bone fragments to enter the eye socket and damage the eye tissue or muscles. This can cause vision problems and dizziness. Permanent vision loss can also occur if not treated by an eye doctor.
Sports-related eye injuries are commonly seen in professional athletes or in children and adolescents who play contact sports. Eye bleeding can occur when someone is hit in the eye, either by an object such as a baseball, or by the impact of an accident. These types of eye lesions are known as hyphemas. When blood pools inside the eyeball, it is considered a medical emergency, as the increase in pressure this causes can lead to vision problems.
One type of eye injury common in young children is an eyelid laceration. These small tears or cuts on the eyelid can be caused by a fall or by being cut with a sharp object. Any type of eyelid piercing should be seen by an ophthalmologist to rule out any possibility of damage inside the eye.
Retinal detachment is a type of eye trauma that can lead to permanent vision loss. This condition causes the eye tissue that normally supports the retina to peel off or be removed. Many patients who experience symptoms of retinal detachment will notice floaters and spots in front of their eyes. A detached retina can be caused by disease or injury and is often painless.
Another type of eye injury is a burn caused by direct exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays. Looking at the sun through a telescope without a special filter can cause irreversible eye damage or permanent blindness. Certain types of industrial accidents, such as exposure to bright light from a welding torch, can also cause eye damage.
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