The Gregorian calendar was reformed in 1582 to replace the inaccurate Julian calendar. US President Andrew Johnson was impeached in 1868, narrowly avoiding removal from office. The Battle of Los Angeles occurred in 1942, with conspiracy theories still surrounding the incident. The Zimmerman note was presented in 1917, leading to the US declaring war on Germany. National Public Radio (NPR) was created in 1970. The Nazi Party was officially born in 1920. Judicial review was established in 1803. The FDA named six morning-after pills as safe in 1997. Prince Charles and Lady Diana’s engagement was announced in 1981. The Gulf War ground offensive began in 1991.
Gregorian calendar reforms took place. (1582) At the time, most of the world operated on the Julian calendar, which was inaccurate enough to cause a disparity between seasons and dates. Many countries switched to the Gregorian calendar in the Middle Ages, although both Russia and Greece still used the Julian calendar well into the 20th century.
US President Andrew Johnson has been impeached. (1868) The House of Representatives passed 11 articles of impeachment against Johnson, and he missed being impeached by the Senate by a single vote. He was accused of violating the Tenure of Office Act and was the first president to be impeached in US history.
The Battle of Los Angeles happened. (1942) Rumors of an enemy attack on Los Angeles spiraled out of control when authorities ordered a complete blackout of the city and began a major anti-aircraft artillery barrage. The incident was later dismissed as a false alarm, although it is still surrounded by conspiracy theories.
Zimmerman’s note was presented to a US ambassador. (1917) British authorities had intercepted and decoded the Zimmerman note, a message from Germany to Mexico asking that country to side with the Central Powers in World War I. The discovery of the note had a major impact on previously negative public opinion towards getting involved in war and the United States formally declared war on Germany four days later.
National Public Radio (NPR) was born. (1970) Popular public radio station created under Congressional mandate, jointly with the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. His programs “Morning Edition” and “All Things Considered” are among the most popular radio programs in America.
The Nazi Party is officially born. (1920) On this day, the German Workers’ Party (DAP) became the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NADAP) or Nazis. At the time, Adolf Hitler was a relatively minor member of the party, but he quickly rose to power due to his charisma and oratorical skills.
The concept of judicial review was established. (1803) Judicial review – the idea that the Supreme Court has the power to determine whether an act of Congress is constitutional or not – was first established to this day in the case of Marbury v. Madison. One of the main opponents of the idea was Thomas Jefferson.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has named six morning-after pills as safe. (1997) Prior to FDA approval, emergency contraception was impossible to obtain without the help of a doctor, and pills only had to be prescribed in cases of rape.
The British royal family has announced the engagement of Prince Charles and Lady Diana. (1981) Their relationship came under close scrutiny from the public and was at first seen as a romantic fairytale by many. Diana in particular remained a popular public figure following their divorce and even after her untimely death in 1997.
The Gulf War ground offensive begins. (1991) The ground invasion of Kuwait and Iraq was preceded by six weeks of bombing and most Iraqi forces surrendered within days. Four days later there was a ceasefire and the war officially ended.
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