Guadalcanal was secured by the Allies in 1943, a turning point in the Pacific Theater of WWII. Mary, Queen of Scots was executed in 1587, cementing Elizabeth I’s rule. The NASDAQ opened in 1971, becoming a leading financial index. The Dawes Act harmed Native American society in 1887. The Salem witch trials began in 1692. The Boy Scouts of America were incorporated in 1910, welcoming members regardless of race. President Harding installed the first radio in the White House in 1922. “Birth of a Nation” debuted in 1915, sparking controversy. The Russo-Japanese War began in 1912 and Peter the Great died in 1725.
The Allies secured Guadalcanal. (1943) Guadalcanal was the site of major fighting in the Pacific Theater of World War II and American troops have been trying to protect it for over a year. The American victory at Guadalcanal was a major turning point in that part of the war and allowed American troops to begin moving up through the Solomon Islands towards Japan.
Mary, Queen of Scots was executed. (1587) she was arrested for being involved in a plot to assassinate her cousin, Elizabeth I of hers, despite her having been imprisoned for more than 18 years. She was beheaded on this day in front of 300 witnesses, cementing Elizabeth’s rule over England.
The NASDAQ opened for the first time. (1971) It was the world’s first electronic stock exchange and has become one of the world’s leading financial indexes.
The Dawes Act was passed into law. (1887) The act allowed Americans to survey Native American land and divide it into individual parcels, a concept foreign to largely communal tribes. Many scholars believe that the Dawes Act significantly harmed Native American society and was an unwelcome attempt to impose Western values on Native Americans.
A doctor in Salem, Massachusetts says two girls may be victims of witchcraft. (1692) This was one of the events that started the hysteria of the Salem witch trials.
The Boy Scouts of America were incorporated. (1910) The organization was founded in America by William Boyce, an adventurer, after learning of the Boy Scouts in Britain, which had been founded a few years earlier. The organization was one of the first social organizations to welcome members regardless of race.
US President Harding installed the first radio in the White House. (1922) Radio was beginning to become an important medium of entertainment and information in America, and Harding put it to good use. In addition to having a radio in his home, Harding was also the first president to have his election covered on the radio, and he was also the first president to speak on the radio.
“Birth of a Nation” debuted. (1915) The film remains a controversial landmark in American cinema due to its inventive cinematography coupled with an extremely racist storyline. Still studied as a propaganda master, the film was so radical that it caused riots in some cities and was even banned in others.
The Russo-Japanese War begins. (1912) The war began with a surprise attack by the Japanese on Port Arthur, a Russian port. It was largely a military embarrassment for Russia, which it lost unequivocally, and sparked fears of Japan’s growing military prowess in Western nations.
Peter the Great died. (1725) He was best known for modernizing Russia – sometimes by force – to try to make it as powerful as other Western European nations were at the time. He was succeeded by his wife, Catherine the Great, who continued a series of radical political reforms.
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