To troubleshoot a fuel pump, start with basic checks like listening for a rhythmic vibrating sound from the fuel tank, checking the fuel pump circuit fuse, inspecting fuel lines and hoses, and checking the fuel pump relay and connections. If necessary, replace faulty parts or the entire fuel pump.
There are several things you can consider when checking your fuel pump for problems. Any number of things can go wrong with an excess fuel pump, and discovering the severity of the problems along with the causes can help you extend the life of the pump and the vehicle. To perform proper fuel pump troubleshooting, it’s generally a good idea to start with the most basic things and work your way up to the more serious issues. Check each part of the pump carefully to make sure you don’t miss something obvious.
Start by opening the gas cap or removing it completely, depending on the vehicle. Have someone else turn the ignition without starting the engine. Listen carefully for the rhythmic vibrating sound coming from the fuel tank. If you hear this sound, your fuel pump may be in good working order. If you don’t hear it, continue troubleshooting the fuel pump to discover any underlying issues.
Check the fuse panel under your dash or in the engine compartment under the hood. There should be a circuit box with a fuel pump circuit fuse. Make sure there are no corroded wires and everything is connected correctly. If not, you may need to replace the wires or the entire fuse. If you have to replace any parts, do so and check the fuel pump again.
For proper fuel pump troubleshooting, you should also carefully look for any tears, holes, or worn spots in the fuel lines and hoses. Replace the faulty parts and test the fuel pump again. If all the hoses are good, find the fuel pump relay by checking under the hood on each side or as a relay system towards the rear. Once you’ve found it, inspect the wires by having a friend turn the ignition on without starting the engine. Use a test light to observe the voltage coming from the leads.
During this fuel pump troubleshooting phase, you may be able to trip the relay to allow battery voltage through the system. Repeat the first step to hear the proper operation of the fuel pump. If the pump works now, your relay may need to be replaced. You can also check the connection between your relay and the fuel pump by using a test light and having a friend turn the ignition on without starting the engine. This will also let you know if you need a new relay, fuse, or connection.
You should also check the connections located directly on the fuel pump for corrosion or wear. If there aren’t any, the final step in fuel pump troubleshooting is to remove the fuel pump and apply direct voltage to it using your car’s battery. If the pump still doesn’t work when applying direct voltage, you may need to purchase a replacement fuel pump.
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