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A gene library is a collection of DNA fragments cloned from an organism’s genome. They are cloned as plasmids or phages and can be used for gene screening. Representational gene libraries are used to isolate and clone specific genes. The library is created by extracting DNA, modulating it with a gene of interest, and combining it with a plasmid using restriction enzymes. The process is repeated until a library of all fragments from the original DNA extraction is formed.
A gene library is the term for collections of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments that have been randomly cloned from the genomes of organisms. They are cloned as plasmids that can replicate separately from their chromosomes and phages, which are a parasitic virus that feeds on bacteria. When cloned as plasmids, the collection is of host cells and each of the cells contains a fragment of DNA. Phage genetic libraries consist of so-called phage lysates, which are remnants of destroyed cells with an inserted DNA fragment. When genetic libraries contain a collection of all genetic information about an organism, they are considered a representational gene library.
Also, libraries can use cellular recombinant nucleic acid (RNA) for material anchoring and this collection of host cells with the recombinant vectors is known as cRNA gene library. Gene library screening finds particular cells containing cloning vectors with a particular gene being sought in a gene library and then uses one of many techniques to isolate and harvest them. Once harvested, the cells are considered cloned. To have a reasonable chance of isolating and cloning a particular gene, usually only representational gene libraries are used as each gene and each original DNA fragment of a particular genome is collected in it. To achieve a 99% probability of locating a particular human gene for cloning, it would be necessary to screen more than 600,000 cloned cells to find the desired gene from a library of representational genes.
DNA is extracted from an organism to start a gene library. The library is structured to organize DNA and its thousands of different genes. The library becomes a collection of tens of thousands of bacterial colonies, each modulated with a fragment of the organism’s DNA that contains a gene of particular interest. The libraries also contain restriction enzymes and a plasmid. Restriction enzymes are used to read information about DNA nucleotides and are used to cut DNA into fragments by separating the nucleotides from each other.
The same restriction enzymes cut the bacterial plasmids and the fragments and plasmids are combined in a test tube to combine, creating a new combination. These recombinant plasmids are then returned to the bacterial culture by heat shock or electroporation. These steps are performed over and over again until an entire gene library for a particular genomic organism has been formed from all the fragments of the original DNA extraction.
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