Genetic clones may not be identical due to environmental factors affecting gene expression. Three types of cloning exist: gene, reproductive, and therapeutic. Clones occur naturally in bacteria, plants, and humans (twins).
Genetic clones are not always identical to their parent organism or even their sibling clones. While the genetic material is the same, environmental factors affect how genes are expressed, just as identical twins have slight differences in their appearance, even if the differences are as minor as fingerprint patterns or freckles.
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The first animal was cloned in 1952; it was a tadpole. Since then, scientists have successfully cloned sheep, cats, mice, pigs, rabbits, and even a guar, an endangered species of wild ox.
There are actually three types of cloning: gene cloning, which is used to create DNA; reproductive cloning, which is used to create whole animals or organisms; and therapeutic cloning, which is used to create stem cells for medical purposes.
Clones are commonly found in nature. Several species of bacteria and plants naturally produce genetic clones, as do humans in the case of twins.
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