Geophysicists study physical processes on Earth and in the atmosphere, investigating magnetism, gravity, seismic waves, and heat transfer. There are several dozen different geophysical jobs, with most found at universities, research labs, and government agencies. Geophysical survey work is carried out by specialists in geodesics, geodynamics, or geomagnetism, and a bachelor’s degree is usually the minimum requirement.
Geophysicists study the physical processes that occur on Earth or in the atmosphere. Among many other phenomena, professionals investigate the properties of magnetism, gravity, seismic waves and heat transfer. Because there are so many subspecialties in science, there are several dozen different geophysical jobs performed by specialist researchers. Most geophysics jobs are found at universities, not-for-profit research labs, and government agencies. Some professionals use their knowledge of physical properties to assist in mining, drilling, and construction efforts.
Geophysical survey work is generally carried out by specialists in geodesics, geodynamics or geomagnetism. Geodesics involves measurements and motion of the Earth. A professional tries to refine established measurements by studying satellite images and performing field triangulation studies with the aid of global positioning systems. Geodesists also research the effects of Earth’s gravitation and rotation on tidal changes and glacial movement.
Geodynamics scientists are concerned with physical phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanoes, climate change, and deep ocean vents. Seismologists track the movements and properties of tectonic plates using highly sophisticated equipment, trying to explain and predict earthquakes. Volcanologists measure the internal temperature and stability of areas prone to eruptions. Other geodynamics experts research electrical activity and cloud formation to better understand weather patterns.
Scientists specializing in geomagnetism studies investigate how and why the magnetic field fluctuates over time. Like seismologists, geomagnetism specialists use a variety of sophisticated scales and measurement tools to determine accurate readings of the direction and strength of Earth’s magnetic field. Researchers can determine how magnetism changes, and sometimes reverses completely, by studying fossils, rocks and sediments that contain preserved physical markers of past magnetic orientations.
Some geophysical work is carried out by scientists specialized in analyzing the physical composition of certain geographic regions. A professional hired by a construction company helps engineers determine the stability of an area to determine if it is safe to build a dam, highway or tunnel. Mining and drilling companies often rely on geophysics consultants to locate new oil and mineral supplies, both on land and on seabeds.
A bachelor’s degree is usually the minimum requirement for most geophysicist jobs. Individuals with a bachelor’s degree in geology, geography or physics are generally qualified to become research assistants at universities or consultants to construction, mining and drilling companies. A person wishing to undertake independent study typically needs an advanced degree in geophysics and several years of experience in the field.
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