Girder bridges are built on horizontal support beams made of materials such as steel or concrete. I-beams and box girders are commonly used for straight bridges, while box girders are preferred for longer or curved spans. There are four types of beam bridges, including rolled steel girder, plate girder, concrete I-beam, and box girder bridges. Girder bridges belong to a category of bridges that includes truss bridges and arch bridges.
Beam is a term used in construction to refer to a supporting horizontal beam that can be made of a variety of building materials such as stainless steel, concrete, or a combination of these materials. A girder bridge is a common and basic type of bridge in which the bridge deck is built on top of such support beams, which in turn have been placed on piers and abutments that support the span of the bridge. The types of beams used for girder bridges are usually I-beams, so called because their shape resembles a capital Roman letter I, or box beams which are made of steel or concrete and are shaped like an open box. Girder bridges are most commonly used for straight bridges 33-650 feet (10-200m) long, such as light rail bridges, pedestrian overpasses, or highway overpasses. The longest girder bridge in the world is 2,300 meters long and is located in Brazil.
There are four types of beam bridges, classified according to the construction material and the type of beams used. A rolled steel girder bridge is constructed using prefabricated steel I-beams, while a plate girder bridge is constructed by welding flat pieces of steel together on site to make the I-beams. concrete are constructed using concrete I-beams which can be made of various types of reinforced concrete, including prestressed concrete and post-tensioned concrete. A box girder bridge can be made of steel or concrete and uses box girders to support the bridge deck.
Whether I-beams or box girders are used to build a girder bridge depends on various factors. It is easier and cheaper to build and maintain a girder bridge using I-beams. However, these beams do not always offer sufficient structural strength and stability if the bridge is very long or the bridge span is curved, because they are sensitive to the twisting forces, or torque, to which such a span is subjected. Box girders are preferred for such bridges. Concerns have been raised about the corrosion of the caissons, especially if rainwater seeps into the open space inside the caissons.
Girder bridges belong to a category of bridges called girder bridges. This category of bridges includes girder bridges, truss bridges and truss bridges. Girder bridges can be built using a wide variety of materials including stone, wood, steel, iron, and concrete. An example of a basic type of beam bridge is a log or stone slab laid over a stream.
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