The human skeletal system includes bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. A healthy skeletal system has high bone density, an aligned spine, and a typical range of motion. Adequate nutrients, weight-bearing exercises, and proper posture can prevent diseases such as osteoporosis and scoliosis. Motor development in children is stimulated by their association with the outside world.
Necessary for movement, posture, and protection of internal organs, the human skeletal system includes all bones, joints, and corresponding ligaments. It also includes all the tendons, which are responsible for attaching muscles to bones. Healthy skeletal systems are known to exhibit high bone density, an aligned spine, and a typical range of motion. The young child who displays normal growth patterns and gross motor skills is considered to have a healthy skeletal system.
A healthy skeletal system includes high bone mineral density (BMD), which refers to a measure of the level of minerals within the bone. Individuals following diets containing calcium and vitamin D, while getting adequate sunlight, contribute to their bone mass as these nutrients taken together help maintain efficient blood calcium levels. Those who are deficient in nutrients important for bone development and strength could develop harmful diseases such as rickets and osteoporosis, a condition that causes bone tissue to weaken with an increased proneness to fracture. Osteoporosis, a disease that usually occurs later in life, can be prevented with proper diet and by doing weight-bearing exercises such as hiking and stair climbing.
Presenting a straight spine, the healthy skeletal system shows proper articulation of the vertebra, although there are some conditions that cause abnormal curvatures of the spine such as with scoliosis and kyphosis. Scoliosis, which causes an “S” curve of the spine, occurs during adolescent development and, as it progresses, can eventually cause problems with the respiratory system. Kyphosis manifests as a humpbacked curvature and is generally due to other skeletal conditions such as osteoporosis and traumatic spinal injuries.
Measurable using a device called a goniometer, range of motion (ROM) is about how far your joints are able to move. Demonstrating a normal range of motion in all of its joints, the healthy skeletal system will show different results depending on the gender and age of the individual being tested. Goniometry can also determine skeletal system abnormalities and the progression of some conditions such as arthritis and hemophilia.
For babies to be able to crawl, walk and grasp objects effectively, they must have successfully reached certain milestones in skeletal and muscular development. Balance and coordination skills increase as the size of the head varies, becoming smaller than the rest of the body. Young children build more strength and grow taller as they get better at activities that require movement from place to place. The motor development of a young human being is stimulated by his association with the outside world.
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