The hemodialysis diet reduces waste entering the bloodstream and is high in protein but low in phosphorus, potassium, and fluids. Fish, eggs, and chicken are good protein sources, while dairy, whole grains, and nuts should be avoided. Potassium levels must also be regulated, and fluid intake may need to be reduced.
A hemodialysis diet is generally followed by those living with end-stage renal disease. The hemodialysis diet is designed to reduce the amount of waste that enters the bloodstream and is filtered through the kidneys. Following a hemodialysis diet can allow dialysis patients to improve their health and lifestyle between treatments. The specific diet can vary according to individual needs, but generally includes high amounts of protein and reduced amounts of phosphorus, potassium, and fluids.
Increasing protein intake is an essential component of following a hemodialysis diet. High-quality, lean proteins are generally healthier and create less waste buildup in the bloodstream. Protein will also build muscle, repair tissue, and provide increased resistance to infection.
One of the best ways to add lean protein to your diet is to include regular servings of fish, eggs, and chicken. For vegetarian patients, soy products and canned beans are also suitable protein sources. Milk and cheese should be limited as they tend to be high in phosphorous.
Phosphorus is a mineral found in many foods, but should generally be avoided in dialysis patients as the kidneys cannot naturally reduce phosphorus levels. Excessive levels of phosphorus can deplete calcium levels in the body, which can lead to weakness and bone loss. Some foods to avoid include soft drinks, dairy products, whole grains, dried beans, and nuts. A phosphate binder, such as calcium carbonate or aluminum hydroxide, can also be taken to control phosphorus levels between dialysis treatments.
Failing kidneys are also unable to properly regulate potassium levels in the blood. It is especially important for those on hemodialysis diets to regulate potassium levels. Excessive levels of potassium are extremely dangerous for the health and function of the heart. To lower potassium levels, certain foods should be avoided, including avocados, bananas, oranges, and melons. Spinach, beets, clams, and yogurt should also be left out of the diet. Potatoes can be eaten, but they must first be boiled to remove excess potassium.
It may also be necessary to reduce fluids in the hemodialysis diet, including foods that contain large amounts of water. A diet that includes too much fluid can cause uncomfortable bloating and blood pressure levels. Avoiding foods high in sodium is one way to control thirst and reduce fluid intake. Ice cream, gelatin, and soup should generally be avoided as they are mostly made of liquid. Certain fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, grapes, lettuce, and celery, can also cause water retention due to their high water content.
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