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The Hopi Tribe is a Native American nation in Arizona, part of the Pueblo civilization. They have occupied the same area since at least the 12th century and retain traditional language and cultural traits. The tribe derives significant income from coal mining of its ancestral lands and is governed by a tribal council. They have never allowed casinos on their tribal lands and many Hopi continue their tribe’s agricultural traditions and create traditional art.
The Hopi Tribe is a Native American nation in the state of Arizona. It is part of the Pueblo civilization that dwells on cliffs and mesas in the deserts of the Southwestern United States. It is one of the few tribes not forcibly relocated by the US government at some point; the tribe is believed to have occupied the same area since at least the 12th century. Some members of the Hopi tribe retain traditional language and cultural traits. The nation derives a significant income from coal mining of its ancestral lands.
The full name of the Hopi is Hopituh Shi-nu-mu, generally translated as “the peaceful people”. The Hopi tribe inhabited a series of mesas in present-day Arizona for hundreds of years. The original settlement, Oraibi, is the oldest continuously occupied village in North America, established in the 12th century. Like other Pueblo civilizations, the original Hopi lived in multi-story adobe buildings on the side of a cliff that housed dozens or hundreds of people. They were not encountered by European explorers until the 12th.
Hopi tribe lands were not initially considered valuable, so the tribe did not face the forced relocation that many others had to endure. However, their lands were the subject of disputes with the neighboring Navajo tribe. These disputes were not resolved until the late 20th century, and the results remain controversial. Like many other Native Americans, the Hopi also experienced institutionalized discrimination throughout most of the 19th and 20th centuries. This included education that threatened to disconnect the Hopi from their traditional culture.
The people of Oraibi successfully resisted this indoctrination, preserving the old ways for future generations of the Hopi tribe. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 allowed them to continue their traditional agrarian lifestyle. In the 1950s coal was discovered in the ancestral lands of the Hopi. In addition to providing the tribe with a small fortune, it also made the Hopi the target of manipulation by business and political interests. The tribe was forced to create a government system that could negotiate mining deals.
In the 21st century, the Hopi tribe numbers in the thousands and is governed by a tribal council, although its traditional communities are largely self-sufficient. Tourism and coal mining remain major providers of income; unlike other tribes, the Hopi have never allowed casinos to gamble on their tribal lands. Many Hopi have continued their tribe’s agricultural traditions; others make a living creating traditional art, pottery, and jewelry. This includes Hopi kachina dolls, representations of deities and spirits that have become highly prized as objects of native art.
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