During menstruation, women experience a drop in estrogen and progesterone levels, which are important for the development of the uterine lining. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is produced, stimulating the release of follicle-stimulating hormone, which begins the process of producing an egg. Hormonal changes during menstruation can also cause emotional changes, including PMS.
Typically, women experience significant changes in hormone levels during menstruation. At this time, women usually experience a drop in levels of estrogen, which is the primary sex hormone for women, and progesterone, a hormone that is important during both menstruation and pregnancy. During menstruation, gonadotropin-releasing hormone is produced, which stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone. The release of this hormone acts on a woman’s ovaries to begin the process of producing an egg that can be fertilized after ovulation.
The hormones estrogen and progesterone are present at varying levels during a woman’s menstrual cycle. However, they are usually at their lowest when a woman is menstruating. This is because estrogen and progesterone play vital roles in the development of the uterine lining which is shed during menstruation. The drop in the levels of these hormones helps make it easier for menstruation to start.
Another hormone active during menstruation is gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This hormone is produced as a result of stimulation of the hypothalamus gland, which is located in the part of a person’s brain that controls not only his behavior, but also his emotions. This gland also produces and releases various hormones that affect the pituitary gland, which is located in the lower part of the human brain. Specifically, the hypothalamus gland secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone during menstruation, which causes the pituitary gland to secrete hormones during menstruation.
The pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormones during menstruation. This hormone begins the stage in which a woman’s egg follicles mature. Eventually, this hormone also stimulates estrogen levels to rise which leads to a surge of luteinizing hormone later in a woman’s cycle. This surge of luteinizing hormone usually occurs several days after menstruation ends and stimulates the bursting of an egg from a follicle. This event is referred to as ovulation.
Often, the changes in hormones during menstruation also mark a period of emotional change. Because estrogen and progesterone levels drop before menstruation, many women experience PMS, which is characterized by mood swings, fatigue, changes in appetite and libido, and bloating. However, once the menstrual cycle begins, many women feel better than they did premenstrually. Women often feel more at peace during this stage and have less emotional fluctuations. This feeling of calm can come from normalizing estrogen and progesterone levels.
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