PMS is caused by hormonal fluctuations, specifically excess estrogen during the luteal phase. Symptoms include mood swings, breast tenderness, and physical changes. Medications can relieve symptoms, but there is no cure for PMS and symptoms tend to worsen over time.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is usually caused by hormonal fluctuations just before menstruation. More specifically, excess estrogen during the luteal phase is often responsible for the various symptoms that many women experience during PMS. Therefore, when estrogen does not decrease in response to rising progesterone levels, symptoms such as breast tenderness and mood swings can occur. While various medications are available to treat PMS symptoms, no medication is available to balance hormones, which often means that PMS cannot be prevented.
What happens to hormones during PMS is often easier to understand when the different phases of the cycle are explained. On the first day of the cycle, the follicular phase begins, during which estrogen is the dominant hormone. It ends after about two weeks, culminating in ovulation, which is typically when the egg is released from the ovary. Once ovulation has passed, the luteal phase begins, which is typically dominated by progesterone. In women with particularly extreme PMS symptoms, estrogen is one of the prevalent hormones during PMS, even during the time it would need to decrease to make room for progesterone.
Therefore, the imbalance of hormones during PMS is often the cause of the various symptoms that many women get on a regular basis. One of the most common signs of PMS includes mood swings, which cause many women to feel depressed or irritable for no particular reason. Many women feel exhausted, but may have trouble sleeping. Of course, there are some physical changes too, like swelling, acne, and bigger breasts that hurt. The length of time women experience these symptoms largely depends on how long the hormone imbalance lasts during PMS, meaning some women have to endure them for more than a week before menstruation while others may only notice them for a day or two.
There are medications on the market that aim to relieve some of the more common symptoms, but cannot cure PMS completely. This is because there is no surefire way to balance hormones during PMS. Also, it should be noted that symptoms tend to get worse over time, which means that young women who don’t experience them may start to notice them as they get older. The good news is that the only way to tell your hormones are out of balance is through the signs of PMS, which is why most women are satisfied with just treating the symptoms.
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