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Readers at all levels are constantly learning, and sometimes even the most skilled readers are challenged by difficult texts. By setting strategies to improve your reading comprehension, you can read more effectively and efficiently and feel less frustrated by challenging subjects. There are several key tools that can be used to improve reading comprehension, regardless of your reading level, although less advanced readers may want to start by building vocabulary and learning sentence structure, as these two key tools will greatly improve reading comprehension.
One of the first steps to improve reading comprehension is to read a wide variety of texts, covering a broad range of topics. Readers who stick to one type of book or genre often have difficulty reading outside of that genre; individuals who read only science fiction, for example. In this case, you might start expanding your knowledge by reading science books, to gain a foundation in the scientific ideas behind science fiction, and then perhaps jump to sociology, history, or other topics that are tangentially related. Keep track of science in the news, so you become familiar with the news format as well. Try challenging yourself by reading a different writing style on a unique topic each day, even if it’s just a short article.
While reading a challenging text, take notes. Stop to look up words you don’t recognize, and write down their definitions, also using them in a sentence. As you process the text, take note of what the author is discussing, how they are organizing it, and the ideas it sparks in you. Stop periodically to reflect on what you’ve read so far to ensure you’ve grasped it, and don’t be afraid to read aloud difficult sections or reread them multiple times to improve your reading comprehension. Even skilled readers miss crucial points because they rush through the text, rather than reflecting on what they read.
You can also use the cues that the author leaves to improve your reading comprehension. If you don’t already know the parts of speech, learn them so you can diagram sentences to identify the point the author is heading toward. Become familiar with writing formats and pay attention to important transition words that imply a summary, a counterargument, a concession, examples, or a comparison. By learning how authors use the language they write in, you can be alert and ready for the main points of what you’re reading.
Ultimately, the best way to improve reading comprehension is to read more. Dedicate time in your day to reading and, if you live with others, try to get them to read the same thing, so you can discuss it among yourselves and compare notes on the content. By reading more, you will expose yourself to more writing styles and topics, broadening your horizons and expanding your reading comprehension.
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