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Becoming an astronaut requires a bachelor’s degree in science, engineering or mathematics, three years of work experience or graduate studies, passing a physical exam, and two years of training at the Johnson Space Center. NASA receives thousands of applications but only a few are selected.
Those interested in science, cutting-edge technology and adventure may find themselves well-suited for a career as an astronaut. Becoming an astronaut is a difficult undertaking that requires several years of preparation, dedication, higher education and excellent physical health. Prospective astronauts must possess at least a bachelor’s degree in a science-related field, meet certain physical requirements, pass an extensive physical exam, and undergo two years of training before being considered for the job.
To become an astronaut in the United States, the first hurdle to overcome is being a US citizen. Next, certain physical attributes must be met. All potential applicants must meet a height requirement ranging from 58.5 to 76 inches (1.5 to 1.9 meters) tall. They must also have a blood pressure of 140 over 90 or less.
Potential candidates are drawn from all fields and all walks of life, but a solid background in science or technology is highly recommended. To become an astronaut, candidates will need a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in science, engineering or mathematics. Along with this requirement, three years of work experience showing progressive responsibilities are also required. Graduate studies are strongly encouraged and can replace work experience.
The application process to become an astronaut starts with paperwork. All applicants must complete official NASA forms and submit them to the jury. This process is continuous, which means there are no set deadlines.
After NASA reviews the applications received, they will decide whether to invite the applicant to a week-long session that will further assess their potential for the space program. During this week, candidates will be interviewed by the jury and participate in orientation sessions that will provide detailed career information. Medical tests will also be administered.
To ensure potential astronauts can meet all the rigors of being in space, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) requires all applicants to pass a physical exam. The mandatory exam is very similar to the test given to military flight personnel. This test is administered by NASA.
Those who excel during orientation sessions, interviews and physicals have the potential to become astronaut candidates. NASA receives thousands of applications, but only a few are selected. Since the program began in 1959, only 339 astronauts have been selected for astronaut candidate training.
Selected candidates will require two years of intensive training at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. There, they’ll take a myriad of courses in science, technology, and space shuttle systems. Survival skills will also be taught to ensure they are ready to face any physical and mental challenges. Candidates will be taught how to survive on land and sea. They will receive zero gravity training and learn to adapt to high and low pressure environments.
After two years in Texas, candidates can be selected as astronauts. Training continues for these select few who will now receive specialized instruction in shuttle operations as well as the individual systems they will find on board. Astronauts will begin simulation training that will teach them how to launch a space shuttle and the ins and outs of orbiting in space. The re-entry into the earth’s atmosphere and the landing of the space shuttle are also simulated. At this stage, astronauts can be selected for specific missions and will need to undergo an additional 10 months of mission-specific training before being released into space.
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