Skin cancer can develop from basal cells, squamous cells, and melanocytes in the epidermis. Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer and excessive sun exposure is a major risk factor. Prevention includes staying out of the sun during peak hours, wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher, and seeing a dermatologist annually for skin checks. Early detection is key for better prognosis.
Basal cells, squamous cells, and melanocytes are the different types of cells that make up the epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin. Skin cancer can develop from any of three types of skin cells. Basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers aren’t usually serious, because they don’t usually spread to other organs. The third type of skin cancer is melanoma and tends to be the most serious because it can metastasize or spread rapidly to other organs.
There are several risk factors associated with skin cancer, including a family history and older age. One of the biggest risk factors associated with developing melanoma is excessive sun exposure. Sun exposure, especially in childhood, appears to increase the chances of developing melanoma as an adult.
Ultraviolet (UV) rays can penetrate the skin and cause changes in skin cells. UV rays are emitted by the sun and tanning beds. Exposure to UV rays has a cumulative effect, meaning that the more sun exposure a person has, the more damage will be done to their skin.
Although some risk factors, such as family history, cannot be controlled, there are several ways to reduce the chances of developing melanoma. One of the best ways to prevent melanoma is to stay out of the sun, from about 10am to 3pm, when the ultraviolet rays are strongest. People who work outdoors and may need to be in the sun during peak hours should consider wearing long-sleeved shirts made from a lightweight material.
Using sunscreen is also essential for preventing skin cancer. Sunscreen helps block the penetration of ultraviolet rays into the skin. Sunscreen is classified by the level of sun protection factor (SPF) it has, which simply means how much protection it provides. Generally a higher SPF provides longer sun protection. Most dermatologists recommend using a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher.
Sunscreen should be applied about fifteen minutes before going outside to allow the skin to absorb it. Also reapply sunscreen every two hours or after swimming. Keep in mind; Ultraviolet rays can still penetrate the earth’s atmosphere on a cloudy day, so sunscreen should be used. Other ways to prevent melanoma from developing include wearing a hat that blocks sunlight from your face. Sunglasses also provide some UV protection and should be worn.
As with many types of cancer, the prognosis is better if melanoma is detected early. See a dermatologist every year to check for changes in your skin. Watch for changes in the moles, such as an increase in size, change in color or shape. See your doctor as soon as possible if you notice changes or develop new moles that have rough edges or are larger than a pencil eraser.
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