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Sperm storage involves collecting and freezing a sperm sample for later use in artificial insemination or for men with future fertility concerns. The process is simple and involves evaluating the sperm before freezing it in liquid nitrogen. Abstinence is recommended before collecting the sample.
Sperm storage is a relatively simple procedure and typically involves collecting and freezing a sperm sample from a male donor. This sperm can be used by the donor later to impregnate his partner, or it can be donated to a woman or couple who want to become pregnant through artificial insemination. Despite the great technological advances related to fertility treatments, cryopreservation is still the main option for sperm preservation.
When a male ejaculates, a white or clear fluid is expelled from the urethra into the penis. This fluid contains millions of tiny living cells called sperm. These sperms can meet with an ovulated egg for fertilization. The sperm still inside the semen can be stored for later use in males who have concerns about future fertility or who want to donate their sperm to be used by another couple or individual.
The process for storing semen is relatively simple. A male will typically have his sperm evaluated before giving a sample for storage. This is done by having the man enter a private room where he will be asked to ejaculate into a sterile cup. This cup is then labeled and the seed is allowed to liquefy over the course of about half an hour. Once this has occurred, the semen will be inspected under a microscope to check for sperm motility, sperm count, and other factors that are important in terms of a man’s fertility.
This test is usually performed before storing the semen, as the quality of the semen can influence the number of samples that will need to be frozen for successful fertilization. The collection process is the same as for a semen evaluation, only this time the sample is stored inside the container and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Some sperm will die during the freezing process, but many will remain intact until needed.
Since semen is destroyed during semen storage, it is recommended that males undergoing this process abstain from ejaculating for at least three or more days before giving their samples. This will ensure a high concentration of sperm in each ejaculation. Those with low sperm counts or low sperm motility may need to provide more samples for successful insemination, although even a lower sperm count is sufficient for many new infertility treatments.
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