A hydraulic piston pump uses water hammer to move water without energy. It was first created in the late 1700s and is still used today in remote areas. The water source must be higher than the pump, and a bottle absorbs water hammer.
A hydraulic piston pump is a simple kinetic pump often used in remote areas without power. This pump is special in that it can move water to a higher altitude without the use of energy. It relies solely on the weight of the water in the pipes to move parts and propel the water. This system can run for years with little or no maintenance, but if something goes wrong in any major area of the system, the pump is likely to stop working completely.
The first piston pumps were created in the late 1700s and early 1800s. These original designs were less reliable than later versions and were quickly discontinued. In the mid-nineteenth century a pump substantially identical to the one used today arrived on the market.
The hydraulic piston pump was all the rage in England, and many remote houses had them installed as a source of water. A significant number of these pumps are still in operation. Interest waned as electric pumps hit the market. In the mid-1900s, interest returned when they were used as a water movement system in developing countries.
The operation of a hydraulic piston pump is quite simple. It all centers around an effect called water hammer. A water hammer occurs when the movement of water is suddenly stopped. The pressure that the water exerts on the surrounding environment increases significantly for a few seconds. This sudden increase in pressure is used as power to drive the pump.
The first step in a hydraulic piston pump is to get the water flowing. This water must have a desire to move on its own, so the initial water source is typically higher than the pump. This water flows through a transmission tube which is closed at one end by a drain valve. The force of the water pushes the valve closed and initiates a water hammer, which builds up the pressure in the hydraulic ram pump. This increase in pressure opens a one-way valve and a quantity of water flows through it.
When the hammer effect wears off, the water pressure drops and the valve closes, trapping some of the water on the other side. The flow in the drive tube stops and the dump valve reopens. This allows the water to move again and that moving water closes the drain valve. This process continues as long as there is a continuous source of water.
A small amount of water makes its way into the delivery pipe on the other side of the valve. The water in the delivery pipe slams against the now closed valve and causes its own water hammer. To absorb this effect, a hydraulic piston pump has a bottle connected to the hose. This bottle fills and drains with changes in water pressure. The delivery pipe takes the water where it needs to go, even uphill.
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