Hydrographic surveyors use sophisticated electronic tools to map the bottom of rivers, lakes, coasts, and oceans. They collect data on water levels, soil composition, and geographic changes, which is used to create policies and reliable routes for ships. Advanced degrees and experience with GPS and sonar are required for most jobs.
A hydrographic surveyor maps the bottom of rivers, lakes, coasts and deep oceans. A professional uses various highly sophisticated electronic tools and devices to create topographic maps. Surveyors employ global positioning system (GPS) software, navigation and range (sonar) equipment, and physical depth finders in their explorations. Hydrographic surveyors are employed in many industries and settings, including government agencies, private Earth science research groups, oil companies, and transportation companies.
A survey researcher creates accurate representations of the ocean floor, lake floor, and riverbeds to uncover important environmental information. He or she designs maps and tracks changes in water levels and soil composition. By frequently studying an area, the hydrographic surveyor can determine what factors contribute to these changes, which can include erosion, climate change, and biological activity. The findings of hydrographic researchers are used to create new policies on the use of water sources and the protection of native wildlife.
In the past, researchers used anchors and weighted lines to measure water levels in different areas. Modern technology such as sonar equipment now allows surveyors to create more reliable topographic maps. In addition, researchers can record information about latitude, longitude and water depth in certain areas with GPS devices.
Many hydrographic researchers embark on deep-sea explorations to collect data on geographic changes and seafloor expansion, especially along the mid-Atlantic Ridge. Experts map the peaks and surrounding areas of mountain ranges to learn how undersea plates move and expand. They can use data from their explorations to explain the movement of continents and predict geological activity such as earthquakes and the uprising of underwater volcanoes. Surveyors are essential in mapping reliable routes for ocean-going ships, helping them to avoid peaks and dangerous waters.
Some ocean mappers are employed by oil, utility and telecommunications companies. A hydrographic inspector working for an oil company participates in explorations for underwater deposits of fossil fuels. He or she can provide expert advice on where and how to drill. Utility and telecommunications surveyors map the peaks, valleys and obstructions on the sea floor so that lines of communication can be established across great distances. Surveyors with specialized mapping skills are often involved in dredging project planning and wreck recovery efforts.
An advanced degree is required to get most hydrographic inspector jobs. Many professionals hold a master’s or doctorate in hydrogeology, geography, geophysics or mathematics. Experience with GPS and sonar can be very helpful in finding hydrographic surveyor work. With relevant education and experience in the field, many researchers are able to become leading supervisors on research projects and ocean expeditions.
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