Hydrologists study water systems through field and laboratory research, measuring rainfall, testing water samples for pollutants, and analyzing the effects of human activity on ecosystems. They work for universities, research institutions, government agencies, and engineering firms. A master’s degree is typically required, and certification is optional. New hydrologists begin as assistants before conducting independent research.
A hydrologist studies the physical properties of the earth’s water systems by conducting extensive field and laboratory research. He or she might study the role of water in an ecosystem, measure the amount of rainfall in a given area, or test water samples to determine the presence of pollutants. Most hydrologists work for universities, private research institutions, government agencies, environmental protection organizations, and engineering consulting firms.
Research hydrologists often dedicate months or even years to specific projects that require tracking changes in water systems over time. A scientist can determine the amount of ground or surface water in a given area, the rate of precipitation, and the ways in which water is used by people, plants, and animals. He or she may also collect data on the negative or positive effects of human activity on a marine ecosystem.
A hydrologist can take samples directly from lakes, streams or other water sources to analyze the water content and check for the presence of pollutants. It can also retrieve nearby soil and plant samples to determine the effects of water pollution on living organisms. Hydrologists often conduct various laboratory tests to verify their results and write detailed scientific papers based on their findings.
Outside of research institutions, scientists may work for engineering companies, federal and state governments, and non-profit environmental groups. Employees of engineering and consulting firms ensure that buildings and industries cause as little damage as possible to nearby water sources. They may be responsible for designing efficient clean water systems for use in a business or for developing waste management programs that do not have negative impacts on the environment. Government and non-profit hydrologists are often involved in conservation and awareness efforts, teaching people about the dangers of polluting water systems and wasting valuable water resources.
To become a hydrologist, a person typically must have at least a master’s degree in hydrology, environmental science, or a related scientific discipline. Many government officials, university professors, and individuals who conduct independent research hold doctoral degrees. No additional licensure or certification is typically required, although a hydrologist may choose to take a certification exam administered by a nationally recognized organization such as the American Institute of Hydrology in the United States.
Most new scientists begin their careers as field and laboratory assistants, learning practical research techniques firsthand from experienced hydrologists. Wizards can be responsible for creating experiments, entering data, and interpreting results. After a certain period of time working as an assistant, a hydrologist who has proven his competence can start designing new projects and conducting independent research.
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