Proper industrial water treatment is essential for efficient operation and worker health. There are three types: boiler, cooling, and wastewater treatment. Treatment prevents corrosion, scaling, and microbial growth, and removes impurities. Wastewater treatment requires coagulation-flocculation to extract contaminants.
There are three types of industrial water treatment: boiler water treatment, cooling water treatment and waste water treatment. Proper industrial water treatment is important to allow companies to operate efficiently and to protect the health of workers. Where industry produces water-intensive goods, proper treatment is required to ensure safe and effective products.
The main purposes of industrial water treatment are the management of wastewater disposal, microbiological growth, scaling and corrosion in processes such as cooling, heating and cleaning. Corrosion occurs when metals, particularly in pipes, begin to oxidize. For example, rust is a form of corrosion. This metal degradation can cause rust buildup that makes it difficult to pump water through pipes, and leaks that can lead to serious malfunctions.
Scaling occurs when minerals in the water build up on pipes, causing the pipe wall to thicken and the inside of the pipe to narrow. Because industrial cooling water stays warm, it provides a good environment for harmful microbes to grow, so this water needs to be treated to prevent disease outbreaks.
The industrial boiler water treatment cleans the water outside and inside the boiler. A boiler is a device that heats water or other fluids for use in heating processes, such as providing hot water, steam for heat or locomotion, or transferring energy from one medium to another. Industrial water treatment protects the boiler from corrosion and scaling, guarantees high quality steam and preserves continuous heat exchange through external and internal treatment. External water treatment can remove impurities in the water outside the boiler via evaporation, cation exchange softeners or chemical treatment. The internal water treatment removes the impurities present in the water inside the boiler using chemical softeners, anti-limescale, sequestering and oxygen scavenging agents.
Cooling water treatment cleans the cooling water to prevent corrosion and scale in cooling equipment and stem the growth of microbes in the cooling water. Cooling water is used in many industrial processes to transfer heat away from industrial equipment. Industrial water treatment for cooling water traditionally uses chlorination to prevent the growth of microbes, but several environmentally friendly alternatives are available, such as ozone generators. The cooling water also needs anticorrosive chemicals, such as zinc phosphates, descaling chemicals, and defoaming agents to prevent wear on the cooling water lines and water towers.
Industrial wastewater treatment cleans water that has been contaminated by industrial processes before it is released into the environment or recycled into industry. In the agricultural sector, contaminants often include pesticides and animal waste. Mines and quarries often release oils, unwanted metals and fine rock particles into wastewater, textile industries often release dyes into water, and steel industries release oils, ammonia and other contaminants. To control these contaminants, industries can use different industrial water treatment tactics, depending on the nature of the wastewater.
Wastewater treatment requires the neutralization and extraction of particles, oils, color, sediments, and organic materials in wastewater. This is achieved through a chemical-physical treatment called coagulation-flocculation. In this process, the particles are coagulated and floated or deposited at the bottom of the wastewater. The waste can then be skimmed or filtered. Wastewater may require centrifugation if the particles are particularly heavy.
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