International criminal courts are established to prosecute international crimes, often arising from a specific situation. The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a general court created to prosecute various human rights crimes. Countries can become members of the ICC through the signing and ratification of the Rome Statute. Temporary criminal courts are also established to prosecute atrocities committed in connection with a particular event, such as the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
An international criminal court is a special court set up to prosecute international crimes. Such international judicial tribunals are often established to prosecute crimes arising from a particular situation, such as the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Others, such as the International Criminal Court (ICC), are general courts created to prosecute particular types of international crimes.
International Criminal Courts are established for the purpose of prosecuting cases to which domestic courts are unable to devote their resources. These courts are usually created by treaty, and signatory countries commit to recognizing and enforcing the rules of the court. In general, international criminal courts are dedicated to the prosecution of various human rights crimes such as genocide.
The International Criminal Court is an example of such a tribunal which was created with the specific intent of trying crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC was founded in 2002 and is based in The Hague, a municipality in the Netherlands which houses the international tribunals of the United Nations. Countries can become members of the ICC through the signing and ratification of the Rome Statute, the founding document of the ICC. The only way the ICC can exercise jurisdiction over a party is if he is a citizen of a nation that is a member or if the alleged crime occurred within the borders of a member nation.
From time to time, temporary criminal courts are established with the intention of focusing solely on prosecuting atrocities committed in connection with a particular event. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ITCR) is an international criminal tribunal established specifically to prosecute the parties responsible for the 1994 Rwandan genocide, which included a mass murder of an estimated total of 500,000 to 1,000,000 people. This particular court has jurisdiction over crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes as defined by the Geneva Convention that occurred during that time period. The ITCR is located in Arusha, Tanzania.
Another temporary international criminal court created to address particular human rights atrocities is the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ITCY). The ITCY was created to try war crimes that occurred during the Yugoslav wars, which lasted from 1991 to 1995. The ITCY is based in The Hague together with the ICC but the two courts are unaffiliated with each other.
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