Live vaccines involve injecting living parts or all germ cells into a person/animal body to build immunity. Attenuation is a process by which the germs or infectious parts of the virus or bacterium are reduced. Live vaccines carry the potential for causing infections even among perfectly healthy people.
Many types of vaccinations involve injecting dead or whole germ cell parts into people or animals to elicit a small immune response. In theory and in practice, this form of vaccination proves to be very effective and when people or animals come into contact with live germ cells, their bodies are already immune to it. Another form of vaccination is the live vaccine. It is about injecting living parts or all germ cells into a person/animal body to build immunity as well.
Most types of live vaccines, and there are many, are also called live attenuated vaccines. This attenuation process is extremely important because it makes it possible to inject people with live germs to build immunity. Normally, exposure to live germ cells would end up making people sick with the virus or bacteria. With mitigation, this risk is dramatically reduced for healthy populations.
In essence, attenuation is a process by which the germs or infectious parts of the virus or bacterium are reduced. This could be done in a number of ways, including inserting a virus into an egg, often chicken, which contains an embryo, or infecting animals with a virus because they can fight it and change it. In this process, the virus or bacterium changes so that it is highly unlikely, but not impossible, to infect someone receiving a vaccination with the new form of the virus, but the vaccination will still confer immunity on the person receiving it. The live vaccine is still a very live virus, but it has changed to both a less viral and more beneficial form.
There are a number of vaccinations that are offered in live vaccine form. Oral polio has made use of live poliovirus for many decades. There has recently been a shift to more people receiving inactivated or dead poliovirus, due to concerns about possible contracting the disease. It has always been a risk when the vaccine was developed, but the risk tended to be much lower than the potential risk associated with catching polio from a wild polio source. Infection with a live attenuated virus is usually milder than infection through contact with a wild-type virus.
Other forms of live vaccine include the nasal spray which is used as an alternative to the flu shot. This is also an attenuated virus. Some additional examples include chickenpox or chickenpox shots, measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and vaccines against some forms of tuberculosis.
While most people can handle live vaccines, some people are told not to use them. People who have compromised immune systems are generally not advised to get live attenuated vaccinations. These carry an increased risk of contracting the disease.
Live vaccines carry the potential for causing infections even among perfectly healthy people. Those concerned about this issue should talk to doctors about the statistical chance of vaccine infection versus the statistical probability of becoming seriously ill by not possessing immunity. Another thing people should know before getting a live vaccine is whether they are allergic to eggs. Mitigation processes frequently use eggs, and people can have allergic reactions to injections with certain live vaccines if they have previous egg allergies.
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