A magnetic chuck is a device that uses magnetic force to hold a ferrous metal object during machining. There are three types: permanent, electromagnetic, and permanent-electro magnetic. They reduce machine setup time and spindle damage while providing a stronger grip. Neodymium is a rare earth metal used to create stronger magnets.
A magnetic chuck is a device, or workpiece holder, that uses magnetic force to hold a ferrous metal object during machining. Also refers to magnets used to attach a work holder, such as a vise or other device, to the work machine. An electromagnetic chuck is a type of magnetic chuck that produces an adjustable magnetic pull, which allows it to hold a variety of workpieces. Processes using magnetic chucks can include drilling, grinding and turning. They are not limited to industrial use only; some hobbyists use magnetic chucks.
There are three basic types of magnetic chucks. The permanent magnetic chuck has a series of magnetic inserts that are constantly polarized, meaning they have permanent poles and are constantly pulling the part. Another type is the electromagnetic chuck, which is engaged only when the electric current is on. This chuck has the advantage of being able to deactivate the magnetic pull, releasing the piece quickly and easily. The downside to this chuck is that it releases the workpiece when the electric current is interrupted, often putting the worker at risk of injury if this happens during a work process.
The third type is the permanent-electro magnetic chuck, which is a hybrid of the permanent and electromagnetic chuck. This device locks the part with a jolt of electricity and then uses another jolt of electricity to unlock it. If a power failure occurs while machining a part, the chuck continues to hold tightly. Each magnet is surrounded by an electric coil which can reverse the polarity of the magnet extremely quickly. Another function of the coil is to control the amount of magnetic attraction exerted by the magnetic chuck.
Magnetic chucks only hold ferrous, iron-based materials, limiting the type of workpiece a machinist can machine. A rare earth metal called neodymium iron boron, or neodymium, creates magnets that are at least five times stronger than traditional magnets. Manufacturers often use it in industrial magnetic applications. Machinists usually prefer to work with annealed metal parts because hardened materials sometimes retain magnetism when the chuck or workholder is turned off.
The benefits of using a magnetic chuck usually include reduced machine setup time, reduced setup processes, and reduced spindle damage on workpieces. Sometimes the magnetic force provides a stronger grip on the workpiece. Some magnetic chucks are strong enough to have a clamping force of 12 tons per square foot (10886 kg per 0.093 m2), making them useful for heavy material removal.
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