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Man-machine systems involve humans being dependent on or integrated with machines to enhance their capabilities. Examples include forklifts and fighter jets. Challenges include integrating machines with humans and creating intuitive interfaces. Conceptual designs include exoskeletons and robots for hazardous environments.
A man-machine system is one in which a human operator is in some way dependent on or integrated with a tool or machine. This can be something as simple as using a woodworking tool or something as complex as flying a surveillance drone using remote controls. The central concept is that the machine somehow enhances the capabilities of the human user. There are both real-world practical examples and a wealth of conceptual engineering ideas that fall into the category of a man-machine system. Many advanced systems are in use in the fields of space exploration, military and law enforcement.
An example of a commonly used man-machine system is a forklift that might be used in a warehouse or loading dock. This is a machine that requires a human to control it. In turn, the forklift is a machine that enhances human capabilities. When working in tandem, this man-machine system allows a single person to lift far more weight than they would normally be able to without the machine.
Another example of a man-machine system is the guidance, targeting and navigation system on a fighter jet. This system assists the pilot in flying the jet by observing vehicle tolerances, maintaining subsystems so that the pilot does not have to, and taking the initiative to alert the pilot to abnormal conditions. During combat, the man-machine system can integrate the pilot’s head movements with pointing computers that, in some cases, allow the pilot to simply look at a target to direct weapon fire in that direction. This kind of interactive extension of a pilot’s skills and senses is a very advanced use of a man-machine system.
There are many interdisciplinary challenges involved in creating a man-machine system. In addition to the problems of creating a machine that can integrate easily with a human operator, there are also problems such as human ergonomics. The car also needs to have a certain amount of articulation in order for the controller to be able to use it naturally. The actual interface can also be an issue, because the machine may have a configuration that is not intuitive to a human.
There are a few companies working on developing what are now just conceptual human-machine systems. These designs range from industrial and military-grade exoskeletons that can be worn like a suit and allow the operator to lift weights far beyond what could normally be done, to fully articulated robots that can be used to work in hazardous environments or even under the ocean . These types of ideas are far from seeing widespread use as of 2011, but they are in development.
