Mexico is a federal republic with a Constitution that outlines the responsibilities and powers of the three branches of government. The executive branch is led by the president, the legislative branch is bicameral, and the judicial branch includes a high court. Each state has its own government, and there are over 2,400 municipalities at the local level.
The Mexican government is a representative government, with the technical term “federal republic”. It is also called federation.
The basis of this government is a Constitution, which provides a governmental blueprint for the 31 United Mexican States and the Federal District. The Constitution describes the responsibilities and powers assigned to the three branches of the federal government and how the federal government interacts with the state governments. Additionally, each of the 31 states is divided into municipalities.
At the federal level, the Mexican government has three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The president is the head of the executive branch and the military and is also the nominal head of the country. The president of Mexico, elected by direct popular vote, holds office for six years and cannot be re-elected. The executive branch also has departments just like the US government.
The legislative branch of the Mexican government is bicameral, with the House of Representatives having 500 members and the Senate House having 128 members. Members of the lower house hold office for three years and senators for six years. These two houses pass laws, approve spending and budget plans, declare war on other countries, and approve presidential appointments.
The judicial branch of the Mexican government has a high court, the nation’s Supreme Court of Justice, and several other courts and tribunals, including district courts that oversee various parts of the country. The Supreme Court can only rule on specific cases, not on broad constitutional issues.
The Mexican government has a federal district, which houses the federal government. The Federal District is a physical place and territory, bordering Mexico City, which is the capital of the country. This is not considered a state, and is very similar to the District of Columbia in the United States.
At the state level, the Mexican government is similar to the federal one. Each state has three branches, with a governor heading the executive branch, a high court heading the judicial branch, and a house heading the legislative branch. Each state is considered a sovereign entity and is free to make its own constitution, which can govern itself and its relations with other states but not with other countries.
The Mexican local level of government consists of more than 2,400 municipalities. Each municipality has a president and a council. As with many other representative governments, members of municipal government are elected at fixed intervals by their peers.
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