Microbial pathogenesis is the process by which microorganisms cause disease. There are four types of pathogenesis: inflammation, malignancy, tissue breakdown, and infection. Infections are the most common form and occur in three phases: initial infection, reproduction, and continuation. The microorganism’s goal is to replicate and spread before the body’s defenses destroy it. Transmission occurs through aerosols, ingestion, vectors, and bodily fluids. The success of the infection depends on the microorganism and the immune status of the infected individual.
Microbial pathogenesis is the process by which a microorganism causes disease. Microorganisms capable of microbial pathogenesis include bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The disease-causing forms of these organisms are called pathogens. Microbial pathogenesis traces the origin and cause of disease, how it manifests itself in the body and how the body reacts to it.
There are four main types of pathogenesis in the human body. Inflammation is the swelling of tissues in the body as a problem is addressed and infected tissue is replaced. Malignancy is the abnormal development of cell reproduction, as is often found in tumors. Tissue breakdown or necrosis is the death of cells outside the normal cell cycle. Infection occurs when cells are infected by bacteria, fungi spore viruses.
Infections are the most likely form of microbial pathogenesis, although inflammations can occur as a byproduct of infection. Any such infection can be divided into three broad categories. An acute infection is a relatively short-lived, finite, and rapid onset. A chronic infection is longer lasting and is difficult to deal with. A recurring infection can have a quick or slow start, but will disappear as if it was cured only to return at a later time.
Every infection through microbial pathogenesis occurs in three broad phases. These are the initial infection, reproduction and continuation of the species. The last two are the main reasons for any infection. The microorganism requires a larger organism such as a human to multiply and spread. Multiplication or replication often occurs within a cell.
The goal for the microorganism, once it has begun to replicate, is to obtain versions of itself outside the body before the body’s self-defense forces destroy it. The body typically responds by using a mixture of white blood cells, also called macrophages, and antibodies. The microorganism will then try to get out of the body to infect someone whose immune system isn’t wired to instantly reject it.
This means that the initial stage of infection and the final stage of transmission are indelibly linked: there are four main ways for the transmission of microbial pathogenesis from one person to another. The first is through aerosols such as water droplets in coughs and sneezes. The second is through ingestion or through fecal matter. The third is carried by vectors, such as in the transport of other animals such as mosquitoes and ticks. The fourth major route is through the exchange of bodily fluids during sex, blood transfusions, and kissing.
The success of the infection also depends on many factors. The nature of the microorganism and how it replicates is a factor. Another is the immune status of the infected individual. If the individual has had contact with the microorganism before, it is likely that the body is well prepared to reject it.
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