Network virtualization combines computer network resources into a virtual network, using software to share storage, bandwidth, and applications. There are two types: external and internal. It allows for customization and consolidation but can be complex and require a higher skill set. Careful planning is necessary for successful implementation.
Network virtualization is a method used to combine computer network resources into a single platform, known as a virtual network. It is obtained from software and services that enable the sharing of storage, bandwidth, applications and other network resources. The technology uses a method similar to the virtualization process used to simulate virtual machines inside physical computers. A virtual network treats all network hardware and software as a single collection of resources, which can be accessed regardless of physical boundaries. Simply put, network virtualization allows each authorized user to share network resources from a single computer.
There are two forms of network virtualization, external and internal. External virtualization generally combines multiple networks, or parts of networks, into a single virtual entity. Internal virtualization provides system-level sharing and other networking capabilities to software containers, which act as hosting environments for network software components, on a single physical system. The external variety is the most commonly used method of creating virtual networks. The vendors that distribute these virtualization tools generally offer one form or another.
Network virtualization is not a completely new concept. In fact, virtual private networks (VPNs) have been used extensively by network administrators for years. Virtual local area networks (VLANs) are also a common variant of network virtualization. Both serve as examples of how significant advances in computer connectivity methods have made it possible for networks to no longer be limited by geographic lines.
Organizations may use network virtualization for a variety of reasons, but many do so because it allows for network customization and ease of use. Virtualization can provide customized access that allows administrators to allocate critical network services, such as bandwidth throttling and quality of service (QoS). It can also provide consolidation by allowing a multitude of physical networks to be combined into a single virtual network, enabling lean and simplified management.
Network virtualization has some disadvantages. Perhaps most notable is that, similar to server virtualization, it can lead to a higher level of complexity, as well as performance overhead. It also tends to require a higher skill set from network administrators and users.
Successful network virtualization requires careful planning. This is mainly because it hasn’t been as widely deployed as traditional hardware virtualization, a concept that dates back to the 1960s. Many organizations choose to plan and implement technology in stages, often starting with the nonessential aspects of the IT environment. This strategy is often used to minimize disruption and allow the organization to determine the value of virtualization before deploying it across the entire network.
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