Neurological disorders affect the nervous system and can be caused by biological factors, genetics, substance abuse, toxins, injuries, and degenerative diseases. Migraine, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and some mental illnesses are examples. Peripheral neuropathy is common in patients with type II diabetes.
Neurological disorders are certain medical conditions that impair the functioning of the body’s nervous system, which includes the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system. While most abnormalities result from biological causes, some are caused by genetic defects, which account for many neurological disorders in children. A neurological condition can also develop over time from substance abuse or chronic exposure to toxins. Other causes include brain or spinal injuries and some degenerative diseases. Furthermore, some neurological disorders are of nonspecific origin.
One of the most common neurological disorders occurring in all age groups is migraine. While this condition can usually be managed to some extent, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. However, migraine is believed to be a genetic disease. For some unknown reason, the brain periodically releases inflammatory mediators that activate pain signaling in the cranial nerves and blood vessels.
Progressive brain disorders include Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, which usually affect the elderly. However, neither condition is considered part of normal aging. Both diseases are classified as neurodegenerative. In Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive function is lost due to irreversible deterioration of brain cells involved in memory retention and pattern recognition. Parkinson’s, on the other hand, is characterized by the deterioration of brain cells in the substantia nigra, the area of the brain that controls motor skills.
Cerebral palsy is an example of a disorder that affects children due to non-specific brain lesions. Although this condition usually manifests as a newborn birth defect, it can also occur after birth. Cerebral palsy was once classified as a non-progressive disease. However, it is now recognized as a neurological disorder representing a group of related conditions.
Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease that is also an autoimmune disease. It’s also progressive. In fact, persistent attacks on nerve cells in the brain and spine over time can lead to serious disability, not to mention chronic pain. Unfortunately, the cause of this disease is unknown, as is its cure.
While not previously classified as such, some mental illnesses are thought to be neurological disorders, at least in terms of their correlation with an imbalance of brain chemicals involved in neurotransmission. For example, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder fall into this category as both are suspected to be biological in origin. Other types of ailments result from metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. In fact, peripheral neuropathy in the legs and feet is very common in patients with type II diabetes. This condition is also progressive and sometimes leads to loss of mobility or even amputation.
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