Genetics may play a role in obesity, with certain genes increasing the chances of obesity. However, lifestyle, diet, and environment are also important factors. The melanocortin 4 receptor gene and FTO are two genes that may contribute to obesity. Understanding the genetic link can help prevent excessive weight gain and screen for obesity-related health conditions.
The results of some scientific studies suggest that there is a link between obesity and genetics. Some findings indicate that the presence or mutation of certain genes can increase a person’s chances of obesity. Some scientists also believe that genes that encouraged fat storage long ago, when food was scary, still encourage fat storage today, when many people have much more readily available food. This, they theorize, could be partially responsible for obesity. However, scientists say a person’s lifestyle, diet, and environment usually play a large role in the development of obesity.
Many of the theories about obesity and genetics stem from the similarity in weight and shape that is often present among family members. For example, a person who has an overweight biological parent may be more likely to be obese. Scientists say, however, that genetics are not solely responsible for obesity. A person’s environment and lifestyle also play an important role. If an individual lives with family members who consistently overeat, for example, he or she may become obese as a result of that influence rather than due to the relationship between obesity and genetics.
One of the genes that may play a role in obesity is referred to as the melanocortin 4 receptor gene. Mutations in this gene are thought to play a role in appetite and eating habits. However, scientists believe it is responsible for only a small number of obesity cases. Other genetic mutations can also contribute to the problem.
Another genetic variation that is often discussed in terms of genetics and obesity is FTO. Some studies have shown that people who have a variation of this gene may be more likely to become obese than others. Based on these studies, the presence of this genetic variant influences the consumption of more food, especially higher calorie foods. As such, this particular genetic variant appears to influence the amount and types of food a person consumes rather than changes in metabolism or other bodily processes that could contribute to obesity.
While examining the connection between obesity and genetics may not put an end to weight issues, there are ways it can help. When people have a genetic predisposition to obesity, they can use this information to take steps to prevent excessive weight gain and put in the extra effort to stay physically active. Additionally, doctors can use this information in screening those who have a genetic link to obesity for obesity-related health conditions.
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