The US invaded Afghanistan in response to the 9/11 attacks. The US may have intentionally provoked Japan into attacking Pearl Harbor. The Stamp Act Congress detailed grievances against England, leading up to the American Revolution. JFK signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty. Fox News debuted. Ford Motor Company’s mobile assembly line increased productivity. Cornell University opened with record enrollment. Cats debuted on Broadway, with a record run. The film rating system was established. The first commercial railroad opened in the US. Georgia Tech won the most one-sided college football game, 222-0.
The United States has invaded Afghanistan. (2001) In response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States launched the war in Afghanistan, also called Operation Enduring Freedom. The first phase of the war targeted the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, with the aim of identifying high-ranking terrorist leaders and prosecuting them for their crimes. Military operations have expanded since then and are ongoing.
A military memo suggested that the United States intentionally provoked Japan into attacking Pearl Harbor. (1940) Until Pearl Harbor, US President Roosevelt was unable to win public support and Congressional approval to enter World War II, on both the Pacific and European fronts. Many believe that Roosevelt was involved in deliberately provoking Japan to induce public and congressional support for US involvement in the war. Support for this theory is claimed to be found in a memo written about a year before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Arthur H. McCollum, a U.S. Army lieutenant commander and director of the Far East Asia Bureau of Naval Intelligence, sent the memo, known as the McCollum Memo, to two naval captains. The note proposing the provocation would have been met with the consent of many senior military officers.
The US Stamp Act Congress met in secret to detail the grievances the US colonies had against England. (1765) Nine of the 13 U.S. colonies were represented in the proceedings, which focused on issues relating to the admiralty courts, jury trial, and self-assessment. The group produced the Declaration of Rights and Grievances document and presented it to the Lords in the House of Commons. The petition was one of the first official precursors leading up to the American Revolution.
US President John F. Kennedy signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty. (1963) The treaty, also called the Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in Atmosphere, Space, and Underwater, bans all nuclear testing except underground detonation. It was also signed by the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. Today, most countries in the world have also accepted the treaty, with the notable exceptions of North Korea, China and France.
The Fox News channel debuted. (1996) Fox News is owned by News Corporation, which also owns the Wall Street Journal newspaper. The channel broadcasts worldwide and has become one of the most watched news channels.
The Ford Motor Company put the first mobile assembly line into operation. (1913) The design created by Ford was inspired by Henry Ford’s observations of production lines in meat packing plants. The innovative process increased productivity to such an extent that the price of the Model-T dropped from $850 US Dollars (USD) to $360 USD.
Cornell University in New York opened its doors with record enrollment. (1868) Founded by Andrew White and Ezra Cornell, the school’s first class numbered 412 students, more than any other university in America at the time.
The musical of Cats debuted on Broadway, starting its record run. (1982) The Broadway show was performed 7,485 times, a world performance record that has only been surpassed by The Phantom of the Opera.
The film rating system was established by the Motion Picture Association of America. (1968) Movies were rated by viewers on rating cards before the system was put in place; the US government also had a rating board, but it was abolished after a US Supreme Court ruling in the case of Freedman v. Maryland saying the government could approve movies but not ban them.
The first commercial railroad to open in the United States. (1826) The granite railroad traveled between the quarries at Quincy, Massachusetts and the loading docks at Milton. The train was carrying granite.
The most one-sided football game in U.S. college football history took place. (1916) Cumberland University was brutally defeated by Georgia Tech 222 to 0.
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