Ovarian cysts can affect fertility, depending on the type of cyst. Polycystic ovaries and endometriomas can interfere with ovulation, while other cysts usually do not cause infertility. Surgery to remove cysts can also affect fertility. Symptoms may not appear until the cysts become large or rupture. Laparoscopic surgery can help restore normal ovarian function, but there are risks.
Ovarian cysts and infertility may be linked, depending on the type of cyst involved. Polycystic ovaries are ovaries that have developed many small cysts, and those cysts can interfere with a woman’s fertility. Endometriomas can also thwart attempts to get pregnant. Other types of ovarian cysts do not usually cause infertility, although surgery done to remove a cyst can ultimately affect fertility.
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac in an ovary. Different cysts come in different sizes, and the fluid in them can range from thick to thin, depending on the type of cyst. Many cysts that occur in the ovaries are normal, cause no symptoms, and aren’t discovered until an ultrasound is done for some other medical reason.
Endometrioma cysts are the result of a condition known as endometriosis. This condition occurs when the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. This type of cyst usually does not affect the quality or quantity of a woman’s eggs, but it can still cause infertility by interfering with the ovulation process. These cysts are often called chocolate cysts because they are filled with dark blood.
Let a woman develop many small ovarian cysts and infertility can occur. This problem is known as polycystic ovary syndrome. Women who have this condition will usually have irregular menstrual cycles. Higher hormone levels can also be found in many women with the condition. Infertility does not occur in all women who have this problem.
The most common cyst that occurs on the ovaries is called a functional cyst. These ovarian cysts and infertility are not connected. Most functional cysts go away on their own and require no treatment. Other cysts, such as cystadenoma and dermoid cysts, do not affect a woman’s fertility.
Many cysts don’t show any symptoms until they become large enough to cause a problem or they rupture. Pain in the pelvic region is the most common symptom. The amount of pain will depend on how big or was the cyst and what type.
Doctors sometimes recommend that a woman have surgery to try to get rid of ovarian cysts and infertility at the same time. Laparoscopic surgery to remove cysts can help restore normal function to a woman’s ovaries. As with any surgery, there are risks. Scarring can lead to a loss of tubal function. An overzealous doctor can remove the entire ovary when it’s not needed, harming the way the ovaries work and reducing the chances of pregnancy.
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