Pancreatic ascites is the buildup of fluid in the abdomen due to a dysfunctional pancreas, with high levels of amylase and protein. It is more common in men aged 20-50 with a history of pancreatitis and alcohol consumption. Treatment options include conservative treatment or surgery. It is important to treat the underlying cause and seek medical evaluation immediately if symptoms occur.
Pancreatic ascites refers to fluid that builds up in the abdomen that is related to a dysfunctional pancreas. Fluid analysis of pancreatic ascites typically reveals a high level of amylase and high levels of protein. The abdomen affected by ascites appears distended and there is often an increase in abdominal circumference. Usually, severe pain is absent, however, weight loss may occur, despite the appearance of a large abdomen. This condition is more common in men and generally appears between the ages of 20 and 50.
Typically, a past history of pancreatitis is usually present, and alcohol consumption is also common in patients suffering from pancreatic ascites. Diagnosis to rule out the underlying causes of pancreatic ascites includes a complete physical exam and a complete medical history. Frequently, physical examination will reveal abdominal distention, mobile dullness, and flank dullness. Medical imaging tests may reveal fluid in the abdomen, pancreatic calcifications, and pseudocysts.
Treatment options for pancreatic ascites include conservative treatment or surgery. Generally, conservative options include the administration of parenteral nutrition and drainage of excess fluids. Surgery for the problem may include repairing the leak and managing pancreatic pathology, such as strictures and pseudocysts. Sometimes the use of a pancreatic stent will prove beneficial. These stents allow secretions to flow along the system that was created for the stent, sealing the leak.
It is important to note that ascites or fluid in the peritoneal cavity can be caused by other medical conditions other than a diseased pancreas. Some peritoneal cancers, such as ovarian cancer, can cause significant fluid accumulation, as can some liver disorders. Cirrhosis of the liver can sometimes cause ascites, however, cirrhosis typically causes other symptoms such as jaundice, which is yellowing of the skin and eyes, nausea, and pain.
When pancreatic ascites is present, it is important to treat the underlying cause of the fluid buildup. In cases where pancreatitis is present, steps should be taken to reduce the primary symptoms such as pain, nausea, and vomiting. When symptomatic relief is achieved, the patient may be better able to tolerate effective pancreatic ascites treatment. In general, treating the fluid buildup without treating the underlying cause can weaken the patient and depress his or her immune system.
Individuals who begin to notice an increase in waist circumference, along with abdominal distention, should seek medical evaluation immediately. Failure to receive a definitive diagnosis and subsequent treatment could delay resolution of this condition and contribute to complications such as difficulty breathing. Shortness of breath and labored breathing can be significant as fluid in the abdominal cavity builds up, putting pressure on other structures, including the diaphragm.
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