A compound microscope uses lenses to magnify samples, with objectives, projector lens, and eyepieces responsible for magnification. Illumination and focus are provided by the light source, iris diaphragm, and condenser. The coarse and fine adjustment knobs focus the image, while the stage, arm, and slide base provide support. The light source, iris diaphragm, and condenser illuminate the specimen, and the ocular lens magnifies the image. The course and fine adjustment knobs control image focus, while the stage, arm, and slide base provide structural support.
A compound microscope is an apparatus that uses a series of lenses to magnify fine details in a sample that would otherwise not be visible to the naked eye. The parts of the compound microscope that are directly responsible for magnification include the objectives, projector lens, and eyepiece lenses or eyepieces. The illumination and focus of the light beam on the sample is provided by the light source, the iris diaphragm or aperture, and the condenser. The parts of the compound microscope responsible for focusing the image include the coarse and fine adjustment knobs. The support structures of the compound microscope include the stage, arm, and slide base.
Specimen magnification is the singular objective of a microscope, and the parts of the compound microscope that perform this task are the objectives, projection lens, and eyepiece lenses. This magnification is achieved by focusing a bright light source on a specimen from below. The light passes through the sample and then into one of the lenses, where the lens magnifies the image. Most compound microscopes have two to four different objectives that can magnify the specimen to different degrees.
Passing light through the lens reverses the image. If the deflected light paths are subsequently directed through the projector lens, the image is flipped. A projector lens, however, is not required and an image can be viewed reversed without any loss of image quality.
Next, the light passes through the ocular lens, which typically magnifies the image another ten times and then projects the image into the user’s eye. Some microscopes have only one eyepiece lens while others have two. When a microscope has only one eyepiece lens, the magnified image is viewed with one eye and the other eye is closed.
The light source, iris diaphragm, and condenser are the parts of the compound microscope responsible for illuminating the specimen. The light source is simply a light bulb. The light from the bulb is passed through the aperture, an instrument that can open and close to create a beam of light of different diameters. The light beam then passes through the condenser, a lens that collects and focuses the light on the sample to maximize illumination.
Control of image focus is provided by parts of the compound microscope, called fineness and course adjustment knobs. These dials raise and lower the stage to bring the image into focus. The course adjustment knob moves the stage at a faster rate and is used first to bring the specimen close to focus. Final focusing is accomplished using the fine-tuning knob, which allows for small changes in stage height and fine control over focus.
There are several parts of the compound microscope that are involved in structural support. The sample is placed on the microscope stage and held in place with clips. A U-shaped base provides a stable foundation for the entire microscope. The backbone of the microscope, which supports all vertical components, is called the arm. A microscope is always carried by holding the arm and placing one hand under the base.
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