Phonological dyslexia is a learning disability that affects letter sounds and falls under auditory processing. It can cause difficulty in sounding out new words. Early intervention and visual differences, such as colored fonts, can improve reading ability. Dyslexia can be divided into four types: phonological, surface, verbal or orthographic, and direct. The causes of dyslexia are either biological or acquired, and it tends to run in families. Weaknesses in the thalamus can cause visual or auditory dyslexia, and the most common symptom is reversing words or letters.
Phonological dyslexia is the form of dyslexia that involves difficulty with letter sounds. It is a learning disability that falls under auditory processing and, in its most severe form, as auditory processing disorder or OPD. Familiar words can be read as whole words, but when new words are encountered, there is a difficulty in sounding letters or groups of letters. While the exact cause is unknown, it could be due to auditory processing issues such as the inability to distinguish between subtle differences in sound or hearing sounds at the wrong speed.
Young children who have phonological dyslexia may exhibit slow speech speed development with particular problems isolating sounds in words and understanding rhyme. In the early years of school, they may have difficulty spelling out words and mixing two or three letters to make a sound. There is no cure for phonological dyslexia, but many dyslexics learn to read and write if given the right learning support. The sooner you intervene, the better the results. The latest research has shown that visual differences such as colored fonts and background can significantly improve reading ability.
Dyslexia is an umbrella term for reading disorders that can be divided into four types: phonological, surface, verbal or orthographic, and direct. Phonological dyslexia occurs when the person cannot connect sounds to letters, or the auditory component to the visual component. Superficial dyslexia refers to problems with whole word recognition and is considered more of a visual problem than an auditory one since words can be pronounced phonetically. People with spelling dyslexia are able to read individual letters and are able to read the word in its entirety if given time, but have difficulty with whole word recognition and phonics. Direct dyslexia refers to those who are able to read aloud well but have little or no comprehension.
The causes of dyslexia are basically two-fold. There is developmental dyslexia in which the cause is biological and acquired dyslexia which is caused by brain trauma. The adult onset of dyslexia is mainly due to acquired dyslexia, while the biological or inherited form usually occurs in childhood. It is often inherited and tends to run in families. While the causes of phonological dyslexia are usually neurological, there are also hormonal dysfunctions in the early stages of fetal development which are responsible for the condition in some cases. This type usually decreases with age.
Both visual and auditory dyslexia are thought to be due to weaknesses in the thalamus, which is the part of the brain where processing of visual and auditory information takes place. The difference between the two types of dyslexia arises because the weaknesses are not of the same type or degree. A person may have adequate vision but poor hearing and therefore suffer from auditory dyslexia. Another may have poorer vision than hearing and therefore suffer from visual dyslexia. The most common symptom attributed to dyslexics occurs in this case when words or letters are reversed whether the person is reading, writing or typing.
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