Physics is a broad field that includes theoretical and applied physics. Theoretical physicists use math to understand natural forces and phenomena, while applied physicists conduct experiments to confirm physical laws. Physicists work in research and development, teaching, and writing. A doctorate is typically required to become a physicist.
Physics is a branch of science that aims to understand the physical properties and processes of matter, energy, heat, light, subatomic particles, space and time. Some physicists specialize in theoretical physics, which involves predicting and conceptualizing physical phenomena using mathematical models. Others practice applied physics, where they perform direct observations and experiments to explain nature. The scope of physics is incredibly broad, and qualified professionals pursue very different careers in physics.
People who are creative and mathematically inclined often pursue theoretical physics careers in astronomy and quantum physics. Theoretical physicists use logic and mathematics to figure out the intricacies of natural forces. Physicists perform thought experiments and detailed calculations on a wide range of theories that cannot be directly tested through experimentation. Such work may include research on the big bang theory, string theory, general relativity, and quantum mechanics. Many theoretical physicists maintain the goal of discovering an underlying, unified explanation of the universe.
Careers in applied physics involve working in laboratories and conducting hands-on experiments with light, optics, thermodynamics, electricity, and natural forces. Applied physicists attempt to explain or confirm physical laws by demonstrating them in an experimental setting. For example, a physicist might run a series of tests with highly specialized machinery, such as a particle accelerator, to gain a better understanding of quantum physics and the nature of matter. Experimental physicists keep detailed notes of their observations and write reports based on their findings. They often work with other physicists and compare and combine experimental results.
A large number of qualified physicists pursue careers in research and development companies or universities. Research firms routinely hire physicists to investigate, create, and improve products. The theoretical and practical work of such physicists led to many technological discoveries in computer technology, medical equipment and laboratory instruments. Many physicists choose teaching careers at universities, which typically involve providing classroom instruction and creating laboratory courses. Other physics careers might involve writing material for books and exams or giving public seminars on physics research.
To become a physicist, a person must normally receive a doctorate from an accredited university. As with physics careers, degree programs are highly specialized. Upon completion of an undergraduate program, many physicists participate in postdoctoral fellowships, where they work alongside experienced physicists in laboratories. A fellowship can last up to three years before a budding physicist becomes fully equipped to undertake independent research.
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