Plant mitosis is the process of cell division that creates two identical daughter cells. The phases are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell prepares for mitosis. In prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes. In metaphase, chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell. In anaphase, pairs of chromosomes separate. In telophase, the cell creates a nucleus around the chromosomes. Cytokinesis divides the cell into two daughter cells. Plant mitosis is similar to animal mitosis, but animal cells do not develop a cell plate.
Plant mitosis is the process by which a plant cell divides and creates two identical copies of itself, called daughter cells. Each of the daughter cells gets a complete copy of the genetic material contained in its parent cell. The phases of plant mitosis are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
During interphase, also called the resting phase of a cell, a plant cell prepares for mitosis. At this point, a cell is carrying out its normal activities. For example, a cell is duplicating chromosomes during this stage. Interphase is sometimes listed at the end of descriptions of plant mitosis, depending on the scientific source.
In prophase, genetic material called chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes. Chromosomes are linked together to form pairs joined at a central point called the centromere. Outside the nucleus, structures called centrosomes develop. Their job is to create hollow rods called microtubules. In preparation for the metaphase stage of plant mitosis, microtubules enter the nucleus and attach to chromosomes at their centromeres.
During the metaphase of plant mitosis, centromeres with attached microtubules move to different ends of the cell. This results in the pulling of chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell. The centromeres begin to form a point of separation during this stage.
In the anaphase phase of plant mitosis, pairs of chromosomes separate and half of a pair migrates to one end of the cell while the other half moves to the other end. The microtubules in the cell work to stretch the plant cell. This prepares the cell for telophase.
When a plant cell is in telophase, its microtubules and centrosomes disintegrate. The nucleus left over from the original cell creates a nucleus around the chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell. At this point, the chromosomes transform back into chromatin.
When the plant cell enters cytokinesis, it still has to divide into two independent cells. The cell then develops a cell plate, which serves to divide the single cell into two separate daughter cells. The two new daughter cells then separate from each other, each possessing an exact copy of the original cell’s genetic material.
Plant mitosis is very similar to animal mitosis. The main difference is that animal cells do not develop a cell plate. Instead, the animal cell pinches itself in the middle to separate into two cells.
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