This text describes various types of decorative plaster, including Venetian plaster, Tadelakt, stucco, and faux marble. These plasters can be colored, metallic, or pearlescent and are used to create a variety of finishes. Decorative plaster has been used for thousands of years and has evolved over time with new techniques and materials.
Smooth plaster creates a decorative wall, ceiling or floor surface that gives the appearance of depth and texture to simulate a stone product. It is engineered through three or more layers of hand-polished lime-based cementitious material to produce the desired amount of sheen. Gypsum techniques vary widely and include colored, metallic, and pearlescent finishes.
Venetian plaster is the oldest known building material used to create decorative wall surfaces. This material is also known as Italian plaster and Venetian plaster and is a classic interior and exterior finish used on buildings in these regions for hundreds of years. Modern gloss plaster is an umbrella term for various styles of these finishes, encompassing additives and resins that make the material easier to work with and more durable.
Tadelakt is a type of Moroccan plaster typical of steam house houses that has gained popularity in other countries. Produces a durable finish with a light sheen that is water and crack resistant. The additives in Tadelakt plaster improve its adhesive capacity and make it easier to apply with a trowel.
Stucco is another form of plaster used on the inside and outside of buildings. It is a common building material in its raw state used for exterior cladding in some regions. Stucco becomes very hard when dry and is useful for coating uneven surfaces such as brick, cinder block or concrete. A wire lathe affixed to the surface helps the grout adhere when sprayed or applied with hand tools.
Glossy faux marble plaster commonly appears in bathrooms, on columns, and in decorative projects. Another technique gives the look of travertine because it increases the look of texture in the concrete. When using techniques for this material, an artisan can vary the amount of sheen to create highlights and shadows that provide depth.
Pearlescent plaster derives from shell grit added to the cementitious product. It creates a silver hue, with bits of black and brown that occur naturally in many seashells. Metallic gloss plaster is particularly shiny because minerals are added to the base cementitious product. Gloss plaster can also be colored with a wide range of pigments to match or contrast with decor. A sealer or wax protects the final finish and creates shine.
Decorative plasterwork was first found in the Mesopotamia region in 9000 BC It was later discovered in Egyptian tombs as part of ancient funerary artwork. Polished plaster became quite common in Europe during the Middle Ages, when animal hair, beer, eggs, and malt were added to mortar to improve its strength.
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