Propane and butane are similar gases used for heating and fuel applications. Butane burns cleaner and provides more energy, while propane is better for colder temperatures. Both have similar fire and hazard risks and can be used interchangeably in some cases. Propane is better for long-term storage and colder temperatures, while butane is more fuel-efficient and less expensive. Blended fuels combine the benefits of both gases and are popular for camping stoves.
Propane and butane are two similar gases used for heating and other fuel applications. While proponents of each gas consider their superior, both have advantages and disadvantages. Butane burns cleaner and provides more energy, but propane is a better choice for situations where temperatures can dip below freezing. Ultimately, the gases are quite similar and the choice between the two largely depends on the availability and intended use of the product.
Similarities
Both gases are derived from oil, petroleum or natural gas, but have different chemical structures. Each burns at similar temperatures and both release water and carbon dioxide as waste products. If the amount of oxygen available is limited when the gases are burned, they can also produce soot and carbon monoxide. In some cases, the gases can be used interchangeably, but people should always consult the manufacturer before attempting to substitute one for another.
The fire and hazard risks of both gases are quite similar. In North America, gases are represented identically in the National Fire Protection Association classification system (NFPA-704). The rating indicates high flammability, normal stability, little risk of health hazard, and no special considerations such as an unusual reaction when mixed with water.
Propane characteristics
Propane is used in North America as a fuel for heating homes and is also available in smaller portable tanks. Gas barbecues, camping stoves and lanterns can often be used with propane fuel. Mixed with small amounts of other substances such as butylene, propylene and butane, it can be used as an automobile fuel known as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Odorless gas will often have ethanolthiol, which has a strong smell, added to it so that any leaks can be detected more easily.
If the gas is to be stored for a long time or in changing weather conditions, propane is usually a better choice than butane. It is relatively easy to liquefy and compress and has a boiling point of -44°F (-42°C), which means it turns into a gas as soon as it leaves the tank at a temperature above this. Propane can easily be stored outside in almost any environment, as sub-zero temperatures do not affect how it is stored or used.
Characteristics of butane
Butane, while not easy to find in many places, is still a popular fuel for lighters, torches, and some camping stoves. Aerosols can also use gas as a propellant. While butane is generally less expensive than propane, it can also be more difficult to use; because it’s not that common, many devices aren’t designed to work with butane tanks.
This gas also has a boiling point around zero — 32°F (0°C) — so it doesn’t do well at very low temperatures. Below its boiling point, butane remains liquid and there is no pressure change to force it out of its container. Butane is rarely used to heat homes or buildings in very cold places because it can’t be stored outside and still works effectively.
One of the benefits of butane is its better fuel efficiency. If you burn similar volumes of both substances at temperatures above freezing, the butane will provide about 12% more energy. This benefit makes butane a good choice for those looking to pack light, such as backpackers or campers. As long as access to an adequate supply is available, the energy efficiency and price advantage can make butane a better deal in many, but not all, circumstances.
Mixed fuels
Propane and butane are often combined in blended fuels, which provide some of the benefits of each. Such blends are particularly popular for camping stoves. Because propane has a lower boiling point, it can be used to force butane out of the container, even at temperatures at or below freezing. Pure propane needs a sturdy steel container to hold it under pressure; combining it with butane means the pressure can be lower and the container lighter, which is important for campers and backpackers.
Protect your devices with Threat Protection by NordVPN
