Remediation technologies remove and rehabilitate polluted natural materials, mostly applied to contaminated soil and water. Techniques include excavation, chemical oxidation, pump-and-treat, and microorganisms. Regulations are strict due to potential environmental dangers.
Remediation technologies are scientific techniques used to remove and/or rehabilitate polluted natural materials. These technologies are mostly applied to contaminated soil and water. Several techniques may be employed, including simply digging up the material to add neutralizing chemicals or microorganisms. These waste management tactics aim to improve environmental quality, but are subject to strict regulations.
Soil remediation is an important part of this service and is required whenever pollution needs to be removed below the surface. The soil is often dangerous due to the discharge of chemicals and runoff of polluted groundwater. Remediation technologies that deal with soil tend to use excavation and dredging as a means of removing contaminated material. Dry soil can be dug up using industrial machines, such as a backhoe, and silt from riverbeds can be dredged using underwater techniques. The polluted material is taken to a safe landfill where it will no longer pollute or subjected to chemical oxidation methods which remove many harmful elements so that the soil can be reintroduced into the environment.
When dealing with groundwater remediation, however, two methods are equally popular: pump-and-treat and microorganisms. These remediation technologies deal exclusively with polluted water sources such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. These are often victims of agricultural runoff, which is contaminated with fertilizers and other chemicals, as well as industrial landfills. The pump-and-treat method involves immersing a vacuum pump into the infected water system and pumping it into a work area. In this stage, the water is passed through several filters and chemically treated for any pollutants it contains before being reintroduced into the system.
A more natural solution to water contamination is the use of microorganisms. Some microbes feed on pollution, such as oil, and break down the contaminants into carbon dioxide and water to leave clean water. This is considered by many to be the most environmentally friendly of all remediation technologies because it does not use one chemical to eliminate another.
Repair technologies are heavily regulated by most governments. The United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, and many other boards around the world set the rules and regulations for both companies creating pollution and organizations seeking to remedy it to the problem. Since many techniques used to clean water and soil can themselves be potentially dangerous to the environment, stringent guidelines must be followed to ensure the health and well-being of affected land and water.
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