Renal adenocarcinoma is a common type of kidney cancer, with symptoms including flank pain, hematuria, and unintentional weight loss. Smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure are risk factors, and treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Early diagnosis is crucial for higher treatment effectiveness.
Renal adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that develops in the kidneys. Between 90 and 95% of kidney cancers are of this type; the remaining 10-10% are lymphomas or metastases of tumors that have developed elsewhere in the body. Renal adenocarcinoma is known by several other names, including renal cell adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, kidney cancer, and kidney cancer.
Approximately three percent of all adult cancers are renal adenocarcinoma, with over 100,000 deaths occurring worldwide each year from this malignancy. This type of cancer occurs more often in people of Northern European and North American descent than in people of Asian or African descent, and it is also more common in men than in women. Most people diagnosed with kidney cancer are between the ages of 40 and 70. When the disease develops in a younger person, it is usually because they have inherited one or more genes that increase their risk of cancer.
The main symptoms of kidney cancer are pain in the flank, the development of a lump in the flank, and the appearance of hematuria or blood in the urine. The flank is an area located on the back of the body, between the hips and ribs. Typically, flank pain is felt on only one side of the body. Other symptoms of this cancer could include unintentional and unexplained weight loss, constipation, unusually pale skin, and vision changes.
Many people with renal adenocarcinoma are diagnosed late in the course of their disease, and often the cancer is significantly advanced before the diagnosis is made. Fewer than 10% of people will experience the three classic symptoms of flank pain, flank mass, and hematuria. In 30% of cases, the diagnosis is made only after the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
One of the main risk factors for kidney cancer is cigarette smoking, which is estimated to double the risk of developing this type of cancer. Other risk factors include obesity, high blood pressure, long-term use of the pain reliever drug phenacetin, and a genetic condition called tuberous sclerosis, which causes tumors to form in multiple locations. People with an inherited condition called von Hippel-Lindau disease are also at an increased risk of kidney cancer. This type of hereditary renal adenocarcinoma develops in about 40% of people with von Hippel-Lindau disease.
The standard treatments for kidney cancer are surgery to remove the kidney, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Other possible treatments include immunotherapy and hormone therapy. Treatment effectiveness for kidney cancer is much higher for people diagnosed early. Only 11% of people with metastatic kidney cancer survive more than five years after diagnosis, compared with 64 to 66% of people with small tumors and no metastases.
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