Resins have superior strength and durability, with variable adhesive and mechanical properties. Chemical resins are used in engineering and chemical applications for impact and fire resistance. Composite resins have adhesive and mechanical properties, with epoxy having the greatest. Natural resins have similar properties to synthetic resins, but differ chemically.
Properties such as strength and durability are used to describe the various types of physical and chemical characteristics of resins. Resins are generally known to have superior strength and exceptional durability under various laboratory and environmental conditions. Additionally, some types of resin may have variable adhesive and mechanical properties. Synthetic resin has properties similar to those of natural resin, but are chemically different.
Engineering applications use the chemical resin to produce a product that is resistant to both impact and fatigue. Other important resin properties for engineering and chemical purposes include insolubility and fire resistance. Resin products are designed to encompass all these properties, because the products undergo extreme conditions in terms of water abrasion, temperature changes or direct impact. Some common chemical resins include polyoxymethylene, also known as acetal; polycarbonate; and tetrafluoroethylene, also known as Teflon TFE.
Products made with chemical resins can include centrifuge items, safety shields, and filter items. These products are designed to withstand extreme temperatures and aqueous chemical environments. Acetal is particularly resistant to organic solvents and can be reinforced with glass fibers. Polycarbonate is a type of transparent non-toxic and extremely rigid thermoplastic material. Tetrafluoroethylene products have superior chemical resistance.
For composite materials, the adhesive and mechanical properties of the resin are considerably advantageous. The adhesive property refers to the bond strength and the mechanical property refers to the tensile strength and stiffness, and both properties are directly related. A reduced or insufficient adhesive property leads to a reduced or insufficient mechanical property. Small differences in chemical structure produce variations in these properties. Examples of common composite resins are polyester, vinylester, and epoxy.
Polyester resin has low adhesive and mechanical properties. Vinylester resin has more adhesive and mechanical qualities than polyester. Epoxy ranks as having the greatest mechanical resin and adhesive properties of the three examples. Laminate products that require bonding with fiber are often made with an epoxy resin.
Natural resin such as tree sap, amber and balsam come from organic sources in nature. These plant or animal secretions are insoluble in water but are soluble in some body fluids. They have remarkable strength, durability, adhesive and mechanical properties, as well as synthetic resins. Tree sap is a viscous liquid secreted by trees, amber is found in fossil stones, and balsam is an all-natural aromatic resin; everyone is chemically different.
Synthetic resins have been produced to mimic natural resins in many ways. The adhesive, mechanical, strength and durability properties of the resin may be similar in natural and synthetic resins, but the main differences are found at the chemical level. The structural differences on a chemical level make each resin different from the other; however, each resin can be compared in terms of these general resin properties.
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