Salivary gland stones, or sialoliths, are mineral deposits that cause pain and swelling in the gland, especially during meals. They can be caused by certain medications, inflammation, or gland irritations. Removal may require surgery, and prevention is unclear, but staying hydrated may help. Quick treatment is important to avoid infection or surgery.
Salivary gland stones, also called sialoliths, are glandular deposits made up of carbon, calcium phosphate, and other minerals. The stones cause saliva to accumulate in the gland, resulting in pain and swelling, which is usually worse with meals. Stagnant saliva that fills the blocked gland can also lead to an infection. Salivary gland stones are more prominent in adults and affect men more frequently than women.
Research has not indicated the exact cause of this condition. However, some scientists have noted that certain medications, gland irritations, and inflammation increase the likelihood of developing stones. As a result, individuals suffering from ailments such as gout are more prone to salivary gland stones. Also, elderly people or people with kidney disease are at risk for stones. If someone has had radiation therapy to the neck or head area or has suffered another injury to the region, she too could be affected by the stones.
The main symptom of this condition is pain and swelling of the salivary gland. Typically, the swelling and pain get worse when the person eats. The pain is the result of a buildup of saliva in the gland behind the stone. If left untreated, blockage of the salivary glands can cause an infection and damage the gland tissue.
Usually, a doctor or dentist can do a physical exam of the gland to see if it’s blocked. He may actually attempt to extract saliva from the gland manually, by applying pressure to the gland with his finger. If saliva is not released, he may order further tests. In most cases, stones are identified through an X-ray, a computed tomography (CT) scan, or an ultrasound may be recommended in some cases.
Generally, salivary gland stones will continue to block the gland until they are removed. Removal can be done surgically for deeply set stones. Once the stones are removed, the pain will be relieved. It is not unusual for an infection to be present as well. The infection can be treated with a course of antibiotics.
Because scientists aren’t sure what causes these stones, there is little advice for prevention. In general, doctors believe that keeping well hydrated can keep stones away. They believe the fluids can keep minerals in the body from forming stones, especially in hot or arid climates. As with any medical disorder, a person experiencing swelling or pain in their salivary glands should see a doctor. Quick treatment can reduce the likelihood of infection or the need for surgery.
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