The US conducted the first underground nuclear explosion in 1957 as part of “Operation Plumbbob”. New Zealand allowed women to vote in 1893, while the US did not until 1920. Witold Pilecki wrote the first Auschwitz intelligence report in 1940. Bruno Hauptmann was arrested for kidnapping and killing the Lindbergh baby in 1934. The Unabomber manifesto was released in 1995, leading to the identification of Ted Kaczynski. Charlie Chaplin was barred from re-entering the US in 1952, likely due to his Communist Party membership. Nikita Khrushchev was unable to visit Disneyland during his US tour in 1959. President James Garfield died from an assassination attempt in 1881. The first US budget passed through the Continental Congress in 1778. The emoticons “:-)” and “:(” were first used in 1982.
The United States conducted the world’s first underground nuclear explosion in Nevada. (1957) The “Rainier” test was conducted in an underground location, north of Las Vegas, Nevada. The contained explosion of a 1.7 kiloton nuclear weapon did not cause nuclear fallout. The test was part of “Operation Plumbbob”, a series of 29 nuclear explosion tests aimed at analyzing safety and logistics.
New Zealand has become the first country in the world to allow women to vote. (1893) Governor Lord Glasgow signed the Electoral Act of 1893, giving women the right to vote. Women were not allowed to vote in the United States until 1920.
Witold Pilecki was imprisoned in Auschwitz to gather information to start a resistance. (1940) Pilecki, who founded the Polish secret army, wrote the first Auschwitz intelligence report which confirmed to the allies that a holocaust was taking place. He managed to escape from the camp in 1943. He was executed by the Polish secret police in 1948 after being accused of spying for the British government.
The man who kidnapped and killed the Lindbergh baby has been arrested. (1934) Bruno Hauptmann was accused of kidnapping and killing pilot Charles Lindbergh’s 20-month-old son, which caused international outrage. Hauptmann was executed for the crimes in New Jersey State Prison by electric chair. Although some doubted that he was guilty, his innocence has never been proven.
Unabomber manifesto released. (1995) The poster was published in The Washington Post and The New York Times in the hope that a reader will recognize the handwriting and be able to identify the bomber, who had terrorized the United States for 17 years by mailing bombs . The plan worked: David Kaczynski was able to identify his brother Ted Kaczynski.
Hollywood actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin has been barred from re-entering the United States. (1952) The United States would not allow Chaplin to re-enter the United States until the Immigration Services had a chance to investigate him in a hearing. A reason was never given, but it probably had something to do with his membership in the Communist Party of the United States. He chose to live in Switzerland, returning to the United States only once to receive an Academy Award in 1972.
Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union, was unable to visit Disneyland during his US tour. (1959) Khrushchev had filmed several locations in Hollywood and Los Angeles, but tensions rose when Spyros Skouras, the president of Twentieth Century Fox, baffled him by questioning his famous comment that “Russia would ‘bury’ capitalism” . Khrushchev became angry and accused that there was a campaign to disturb him during his visit. He was further infuriated when his wish to visit Disneyland was denied because the US government didn’t think he would be safe in such a large crowd.
US President James Garfield died of wounds sustained in an assassination attempt a couple of months earlier. (1881) Charles J. Guiteau had shot President Garfield on July 2. President Garfield eventually died of blood poisoning. Guiteau was hanged in 1882 for the crime. The assassination of President Garfield was the second presidential assassination in US history.
The first US budget passed through the Continental Congress. (1778) The Committee on Finance, the same committee that presents the budget today, presented the first ever budget for the United States to the Continental Congress.
The “:-)” and “:-(” emoticons were first used. (1982) Professor Scott Fahlman of Carnegie Mellon University was first used on the university’s computer bulletin board to express humor or sarcasm , although the latter emoticon has evolved to represent sorrow or sadness.
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