Truman announced the US lost its nuclear monopoly, as Soviet Union detonated a nuclear bomb in 1949. Greeks gained independence from Ottoman Empire in 1821. John Paul Jones won “Battle of Flamborough Head” in 1779. Harvard College graduated its first students in 1642. Neptune was discovered in 1846. First gas chamber tests were carried out in Auschwitz in 1941. Nixon gave the “Checkers” speech in 1952. Merchant Royal lost $1 billion treasure at sea in 1641. Sweden and Norway became independent nations with the Treaty of Karlstad in 1905. US occupation of Dominican Republic ended in 1922. Mozilla Firefox browser was released in 2002.
US President Harry S. Truman has publicly announced that the United States has lost its monopoly on nuclear weapons. (1949) President Truman asked his military scientists to double-check reported data indicating that the Soviet Union had detonated an underground nuclear bomb. They confirmed the reports. The bomb explosion was detected by seismic activity recorded by US scientists on 3 September. Other reports indicate that the Soviet Union first detonated a nuclear bomb on August 29 of that year.
The first major victory in the Greek War of Independence took place. (1821) Greeks, fighting for independence from the Ottoman Empire, storm the city of Tripolitsa, Greece, killing 30,000 Turks and gaining control of the city. Greece gained independence in 1832.
Naval Commander John Paul Jones won a major battle of the American Revolution in English waters. (1779) Jones won the “Battle of Flamborough Head” on his US vessel Bonhomme Richard against two British vessels. After an intense battle in which Jones’s ship was badly damaged, one of the British captains asked if he was ready to surrender. Jones’ famous response: “I haven’t started fighting yet!” Three hours later, he had won the battle. The following day the Bonhomme Richard sank.
Harvard College graduated its first students. (1642) At the time, only a school identified as a “university” could graduate students; a boarding school was regarded as a place that provided food, lodging and education for teachers and scholars. Harvard held the beginnings regardless of the technicality of terminology. The college – essentially Harvard’s graduate program – is now the oldest school of Harvard University.
Neptune has been discovered. (1846) Astronomers John Couch Adams from England and Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier from France discovered Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System to be discovered. Johann Gottfried Galle, a German astronomer, verified the results.
The first gas chamber tests were carried out in Auschwitz. (1941) Several million people were killed in these gas chambers by Nazi Germans during World War II.
Richard Nixon gave the “Checkers” speech. (1952) Nixon was a California Senator at the time and hoped to run for President of the United States. He had been accused of irregularities in campaign finance and had turned to US television audiences to defend himself. He claimed that he would keep the little dog that his children had called “Dama”, which had been a gift. The public rallied and Nixon not only landed on the presidential ticket, but he won the presidency of the United States.
More than $1 billion US dollars in treasure was lost at sea. (1641) The Merchant Royal was transporting treasure when it was lost at sea off the coast of Cornwall, England. The shipwreck has never been found, but it is assumed by many that the treasure was taken by the crew of the Dover Merchant who came to the rescue of the drowning sailors.
The “Treaty of Karlstad” is signed, making Sweden and Norway independent nations. (1905) The negotiations to dissolve the union between the two countries concluded on this day with the signing of the treaty. The separation was peaceful, although both sides had military forces waiting in the wings.
US occupation of the Dominican Republic ends. (1922) US Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes signed the Hughes-Peynado Agreement, effectively ending the US occupation.
The Mozilla Firefox browser was made available to the public for the first time. (2002) The first release was called Phoenix 0.1. The Mozilla Foundation later changed the name to Mozilla Firebird due to trademark issues with Phoenix Technologies. Further pressure from the developers led to the final name change to Mozilla Firefox on February 9, 2004.
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