The Axis Powers formed in 1940 with Japan, Germany, and Italy signing the Tripartite Pact. Hungary joined later. The Nazis overpowered Poland in 1939, and Mexico gained independence in 1821. The first steam-powered passenger trains operated in 1825, and the Balinese tiger went extinct in 1937. The US Department of Education was approved in 1979.
The Axis Powers of World War II were formed with the signing of the Tripartite Pact. (1940) The pact was signed by Japan, Germany and Italy, forming an opposing group against the Allies. The Axis alliance hoped to persuade the United States not to join the Allies during the war, but it failed. In 1940, Hungary became the fourth country to sign the Pact after being forced by Germany to ally with the Axis powers.
The Nazis overwhelmed Poland, forcing its surrender. (1939) The Polish army fought against the Nazi army for 26 days during WWII before falling. 140,000 Polish soldiers were taken prisoner by the Nazis, who began a campaign to terrorize and kill Polish citizens across the country, forcing most of them to flee.
Lancaster, Pennsylvania became the capital of the United States for one day. (1777) After the British captured Philadelphia during the American Revolution, the Continental Congress was forced to flee. They reunited in Lancaster for one day, then decided to move further west to York, Pennsylvania the next day.
Mexico has become an independent country. (1821) Mexico had been a colony of Spain since 1521. Its independence was recognized on this day after winning an 11-year war of independence on September 16th.
The world’s first steam-powered passenger trains went into operation. (1825) The Stockton and Darlington railway opened with a passenger steam locomotive that could carry 600 passengers.
The first large-scale disaster occurred in the Atlantic Ocean. (1854) Three hundred people were killed when the steamer SS Arctic sank after colliding with a French steamer in a fog bank.
The first Model-T car left the manufacturing plant. (1908) The Ford Motor Company produced models from 1908 to 1927. The first model, which was also the first in the world to be produced commercially using assembly lines, was built in Detroit, Michigan at the Piquette plant.
The Balinese tiger became extinct. (1937) The last known species was shot in Bali on this day. Three of the nine tiger species have gone extinct, and the other six are listed as endangered.
The first of the “Liberty ships” is launched. (1941) During World War II, the United States built nearly 2,800 cargo ships called “Liberty Ships” to help fight the war. It was the most produced boat design in maritime history.
The creation of the US Department of Education has been approved. (1979) The Department of Education became the thirteenth cabinet-level agency of the United States government. The creation of the department was signed into law by US President Jimmy Carter on October 13 and began operations the following year.
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