The Song Dynasty in China lasted from 960 to 1279 AD and was a prosperous period in Chinese history. The Northern Song Dynasty was founded by Zhao Kuangyin and was followed by the Southern Song Dynasty. The era saw advances in technology, agriculture, and education. The population doubled due to an expanding system of rice cultivation. The navy’s strength was expanded, but the dynasty ended when Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty.
The Song Dynasty in China lasted from 960 AD to 1279 AD and is regarded as a prosperous and culturally rich period in Chinese history. This era followed the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms era and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty.
The Northern Song Dynasty lasted from AD 960 to AD 1127 and was founded by Zhao Kuangyin, a military leader of the Later Zhou Dynasty, who led an overthrow in Chengiao County in AD 960. The Northern Song center was located in Bianjing, in the former united Chinese territory. Unfortunately, this early period of the Song Dynasty was filled with political corruption, which led to the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty. Between the years 1115 and 1234, the Jin dynasty army overthrew the Northern Song rule and exercised power over the new rulers of the Southern Song period.
The Southern Song era was in effect from 1127 to 1279 and was created by Zhao Gou, son of the last Northern Song emperor. Zhao Gou escaped organized clans under the Jin dynasty and was able to firmly establish this later Song period in Nanjing Yingtianfu city.
The Song Dynasty was enriched by advances in technology, agriculture, labor and economic progress, and organization. The compass was invented during this period, and typography first became a common Chinese practice. Additionally, many writers, poets, and scholars have emerged to consolidate Chinese culture through the arts and education. The Song era saw philosophers such as Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi create a new understanding of Confucianism, which included Buddhist theory. This led to newer and better organized texts and the introduction of Neo-Confucianism, which included Confucianism, Doaism and Buddhism.
Due to an expanding system of rice cultivation, China’s population doubled during the Song period. Agriculture was improved through excess production, use of early maturing rice, and expansive cultivation in southern and central China. The growing population has led the central government to reduce its regulatory involvement in the economy.
During the last years of the Song period, the navy’s strength was expanded to fight the Jin, the Mongols, and to defend the Chinese borders. The widespread use of gunpowder contributed to the strength of the later Song military. However, the Song dynasty came to an end when Kublai Khan expanded the territories of the Mongols, defeated the Song army, conquered the Yangzi River basin and established the Yuan dynasty.
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